What do systematic reviews say?

Medication reconciliation interventions vs no medication reconciliation

It is very uncertain whether medication reconciliation changes mortality during hospitalisation ( compared with no medication reconciliation (very low certainty).

• Reducing medication errors for adults in hospital settings 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.85 [0.44, 33.89]
  1 study · 212 participants
  Very low

Medication review vs usual care

Medication review showed no clear difference in mortality (all‐cause) Median compared with standard care (low certainty).

• Medication review in hospitalised patients to reduce morbidity and mortality 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.87, 1.05]
  18 studies · 10108 participants
  Low

Pre‐emptive medication vs prophylaxis

• Pre‐emptive treatment for cytomegalovirus viraemia to prevent cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 753 participants
  Low

Medication management vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving adherence to iron chelation therapy in people with sickle cell disease or thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Medication reconciliation: pharmacist vs other professionals

Medication reconciliation: pharmacist showed no clear difference in mortality during hospitalisation ( compared with other professionals (moderate certainty).

• Reducing medication errors for adults in hospital settings 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.57, 1.73]
  2 studies · 1000 participants
  Moderate

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control

Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention showed no clear difference in mortality compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.88 [0.66, 1.17]
  1 study · 9412 participants
  Moderate

Supervised dosing with a long‐acting medication vs unsupervised consumption

• Supervised dosing with a long‐acting opioid medication in the management of opioid dependence 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 230 participants
  Low

Pre‐emptive medication for cytomegalovirus (CMV) viraemia vs placebo/no treatment

• Pre‐emptive treatment for cytomegalovirus viraemia to prevent cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 176 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving medication‐taking ability and adherence in older adults prescribed multiple medications 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving medication‐taking ability and adherence in older adults prescribed multiple medications 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Interventions for improving medication‐taking ability and adherence in older adults prescribed multiple medications 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Professional interventions vs usual care

Professional interventions showed no clear difference in mortality compared with standard/usual care (moderate certainty).

• Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.82, 1.17]
  3538 participants
  Moderate

Organisational interventions vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether organisational interventions changes mortality compared with standard/usual care (very low certainty).

• Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.85, 1.03]
  154962 participants
  Very low

Discontinuation vs continuation of antipsychotic medication

• Withdrawal versus continuation of long‐term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 275 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Radioiodine therapy versus antithyroid medications for Graves' disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 425 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Maintenance ASM vs no maintenance ASM after achieving seizure control

Summary of findings table ‐ Maintenance ASM showed no clear difference in mortality at 18‐24 months compared with no maintenance ASM after achieving seizure control (low certainty).

• Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.34, 2.61]
  1 study · 111 participants
  Low

CPOE/CDSS vs control/paper‐based

It is very uncertain whether CPOE/CDSS changes mortality during hospitalisation ( compared with control/paper‐based (very low certainty).

• Reducing medication errors for adults in hospital settings 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.54, 2.01]
  1 study · 737 participants
  Very low

Phenobarbital vs levetiracetam

Summary of findings table ‐ Phenobarbital showed no clear difference in mortality before hospital discharge compared with levetiracetam (low certainty).

• Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.41 [0.82, 2.43]
  6 studies · 452 participants
  Low

Phenobarbital vs phenytoin

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Phenobarbital changes mortality before hospital discharge compared with phenytoin (very low certainty).

• Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [0.79, 2.26]
  2 studies · 179 participants
  Very low

Phenobarbital vs lorazepam

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Phenobarbital changes mortality before hospital discharge compared with lorazepam (very low certainty).

• Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.76 [0.79, 3.95]
  1 study · 71 participants
  Very low