Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

7 questions · 7 findings · 5 reviews · Gynaecological, Neuro-oncology and Orphan Cancer

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 3 · 42.9%Moderate 3 · 42.9%High 1 · 14.3%

Early discontinuation of antibiotic treatment vs treatment until neutropenia resolution

All‐cause mortality · febrile neutropenia

Early discontinuation of antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in mortality compared with treatment until neutropenia resolution (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early discontinuation of antibiotics for febrile neutropenia versus continuation until neutropenia resolution in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.38 [0.73, 2.62]
8 studies · 603 participants
Low

Benefits and harms of CSF plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Overall mortality · people with chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia

Benefits and harms of CSF plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in overall mortality compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Colony‐stimulating factors for chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.74 [0.47, 1.16]
13 studies · 1335 participants
Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

All cause mortality · patients with afebrile neutropenia induced by chemotherapy

Summary of findings: antibiotics leads to lower all cause mortality compared with placebo or no intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in afebrile neutropenic patients following chemotherapy 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66
46 studies · 5635 participants
High

Benefits and harms of CSF plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Infection‐related mortality · people with chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia

Benefits and harms of CSF plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in infection‐related mortality compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Colony‐stimulating factors for chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.47, 1.2]
10 studies · 897 participants
Low

Adverse events with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics vs placebo

Overall mortality · people with cancer who have febrile neutropenia

Mortality with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics showed no clear difference in overall mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Empirical antibiotics targeting gram‐positive bacteria for the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.64, 1.25]
8 studies · 1242 participants
Moderate

Oral vs IV antibiotics

All‐cause mortality · people with cancer who have febrile neutropenia

Oral showed no clear difference in mortality compared with intravenous antibiotic therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral versus intravenous antibiotic treatment for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.54, 1.68]
9 studies · 1392 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: quinolone prophylaxis vs TMP‐SMZ prophylaxis

All cause‐mortality · cancer patients with afebrile neutropenia following chemotherapy

Summary of findings: quinolone prophylaxis probably leads to higher all cause‐mortality compared with TMP‐SMZ prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in afebrile neutropenic patients following chemotherapy 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07
10 studies · 917 participants
Moderate