What do systematic reviews say?

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 1346 participants
  Low

Prehabilitation vs no prehabilitation

• Prehabilitation versus no prehabilitation to improve functional capacity, reduce postoperative complications and… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 250 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics

• Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in elective… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 2 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs no bowel preparation

• Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in elective… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 396 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs mechanical bowel preparation alone

• Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in elective… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 621 participants
  Moderate

Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) vs usual care or control

• Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 688 participants
  Low

Oral nutritional supplements vs usual care or control

• Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 299 participants
  Low

Preoperative parenteral nutrition vs usual care or control

• Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 135 participants
  Very low

Preoperative enteral nutrition (standard formula) vs usual care or control

• Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 126 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1075 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  13 studies · 1156 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Chewing gum for postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  50 studies · 5278 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 271 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 190 participants
  Low

Antibiotics vs surgery

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes length of hospital stay (days) compared with surgery (very low certainty).

• Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.54 [0.06, 1.01]
  11 studies · 3192 participants
  Very low

Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy

• Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 316 participants
  Low
• Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  17 studies · 1977 participants
  Low
• Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 140 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in total length of hospital stay (days) (low certainty).

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 447 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 351 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes total length of hospital stay (days) (very low certainty).

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.99
  2 studies · 371 participants
  Very low

Daikenchuto vs control

• Daikenchuto for reducing postoperative ileus in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 292 participants
  Low