Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

108 questions · 115 findings · 61 reviews

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No studies found 22 · 19.1%GRADE not reported 4 · 3.5%Very low 23 · 20%Low 36 · 31.3%Moderate 21 · 18.3%High 9 · 7.8%

Alcohol‐based handrub vs usual care

Early neonatal mortality · Neonates and caregivers

It is very uncertain whether alcohol‐based handrub changes all‐cause mortality within the first seven days of life (early… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hand hygiene for the prevention of infections in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.29 [0.01, 7]
1 study · 103 participants
Very low

LHWs vs usual care

Neonatal Mortality verbal autopsy · patients with reducing mortality and morbidity in children <5 years

LHWs showed no clear difference in neonatal Mortality verbal autopsy compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.76 [0.57, 1.02]
4 studies · 29217 participants
Low

General health checks vs usual care

Total mortality · Adults (general population)

General health checks showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with usual care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

General health checks in adults for reducing morbidity and mortality from disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.97, 1.03]
11 studies · 233298 participants
High

Mediterranean dietary intervention vs usual care

Total mortality · adults with established cardiovascular disease

Mediterranean dietary intervention may leads to lower total mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.44 [0.21, 0.92]
1 study · 605 participants
Low

Internet‐based interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Total mortality · patients with coronary heart disease

Internet‐based interventions showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with usual care or no care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Internet‐based interventions for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.27 [0.04, 1.63]
6 studies · 895 participants
Low

Time‐directed extubation protocol vs usual care

Mortality ‐ Death at any time after surgery · adult cardiac surgical patients

Time‐directed extubation protocol showed no clear difference in mortality ‐ Death at any time after surgery compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.8 [0.45, 1.45]
10 studies · 1802 participants
Low

General health checks vs usual care

Mortality: all cancers · Adults (general population)

General health checks showed no clear difference in cancer mortality compared with usual care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

General health checks in adults for reducing morbidity and mortality from disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.92, 1.12]
8 studies · 139290 participants
High

LHWs vs usual care

Mortality among children less than 5 years Verbal autopsy · patients with reducing mortality and morbidity in children <5 years

LHWs showed no clear difference in mortality among children less than 5 years Verbal autopsy compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.55, 1.03]
3 studies · 56378 participants
Low

Self‐staffing vs usual staffing

Patient mortality · nurses working on acute care, intensive care or medical care units

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hospital nurse‐staffing models and patient‐ and staff‐related outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Corticosteroids vs placebo or usual care

Hospital mortality · children and adults with sepsis

Corticosteroids probably leads to lower hospital mortality compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.82, 0.99]
26 studies · 8183 participants
Moderate

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · adults with heart failure

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with heart failure 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.71, 1.21]
34 studies · 3941 participants
Low

Telemedicine vs usual care

All‐cause mortality

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Patient education vs usual care

All‐cause mortality

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Drug dosage reduction vs usual care

All‐cause mortality

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or usual care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.83, 0.93]
19 studies · 1202382 participants
High

Ultrafiltration (UF) vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · people with AHF

It is very uncertain whether ultrafiltration (UF) changes all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (UC) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrafiltration for acute heart failure 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.61 [0.13, 2.85]
3 studies · 286 participants
Very low

Casirivimab/imdevimab vs usual care

Mortality by day 30 · hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (moderate to severe disease)

Casirivimab/imdevimab showed no clear difference in mortality by day 30 compared with usual care alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SARS‐CoV‐2‐neutralising monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID‐19 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.87, 1.02]
1 study · 9785 participants
Moderate

Casirivimab/imdevimab vs usual care

Mortality by day 60 · hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (moderate to severe disease)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

SARS‐CoV‐2‐neutralising monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID‐19 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Technique of BP measurement: CRADLE intervention vs usual care

Perinatal mortality · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Multidisciplinary disease management programmes vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · adults with heart failure

Multidisciplinary disease management programmes probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.67 [0.54, 0.83]
8 studies · 1764 participants
Moderate