Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

65 questions · 68 findings · 29 reviews

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No studies found 1 · 1.5%GRADE not reported 5 · 7.4%Very low 30 · 44.1%Low 20 · 29.4%Moderate 11 · 16.2%High 1 · 1.5%

Pharmaceutical interventions vs placebo

Depression: Mean scores at end of treatment · emotionalism after stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmaceutical interventions for emotionalism after stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 72 participants
Very low

Information or education intervention as part of a complex intervention vs complex intervention without information or education

Depression (lower scores mean less depression) · adult ICU patients and their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Information or education interventions for adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients and their carers 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Depression: mean scores at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for treating… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 1535 participants
GRADE not reported

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment (primary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological, non‐invasive brain stimulation and psychological interventions, and their combination, for treating… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.48 [0.32, 0.7]
6 studies · 511 participants
Very low

Antidepressants vs placebo

Depression: mean scores at end of treatment (Analysis 1.4) · people with stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological, psychological and non‐invasive brain stimulation interventions for preventing depression after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 100 participants
Very low

Parent‐infant psychotherapy vs other (psychoeducational) parenting intervention: parent mental health and infant attachment

Depression (lower scores mean less depression) · participants with improving parental and infant mental health

1 finding from 1 review

Parent‐infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 172 participants
Very low

Interventions for involving older patients with multi‐morbidity in decision‐making about their health care vs usual care

Health status and quality of life · older patients with multi‐morbidity

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for involving older patients with multi‐morbidity in decision‐making during primary care consultations 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1546 participants
Moderate

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs written information on the same topic

Health outcome – Any depression Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) Multiple measures used: PHQ‐9K (score · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 555 participants
Very low

Pharmacy‐based management (pharmacist with or without wider team) vs treatment

Depression symptom level: change from baseline mean depression score (intervention endpoint) · adults

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacy‐based management for depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 718 participants
High

Summary of findings: NBAS or NBO vs control

Caregiver depression ( · caregiver‐infant dyads

Summary of findings: NBAS or NBO showed no clear difference in caregiver mental health (depression), dichotomous data Assessed at… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) and Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system for supporting… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.23 [0.05, 1.04]
1 study · 106 participants
Low

Parent‐infant psychotherapy vs control

Depression (lower scores mean less depression) · participants with improving parental and infant mental health

1 finding from 1 review

Parent‐infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 356 participants
Low

Acupuncture vs control acupuncture

Depression (lower scores mean less depression) · clinical diagnosis of depression

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for depression 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 841 participants
Low

Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression (IPT‐D) vs Other Psychological Interventions

Depression score · co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Psychological interventions for co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 64 participants
Very low
Psychological interventions for co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Culturally and literacy adapted audio‐/visual education without personal feedback vs no health literacy intervention

Health outcome – Any depression Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) Multiple measures used: PHQ‐9K (score · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 337 participants
Low

Integrated CBT vs Twelve Step Facilitation

Depression score · co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders

2 findings from 1 review

Psychological interventions for co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 212 participants
Very low
Psychological interventions for co‐occurring depression and substance use disorders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 181 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Depression score · adults living with HIV

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial group interventions to improve psychological well‐being in adults living with HIV 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 1139 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Depression score · adults living with HIV

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial group interventions to improve psychological well‐being in adults living with HIV 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 233 participants
Very low

Antidepressants vs psychological interventions

Depression severity (acute phase, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Antidepressants vs any other pharmacological intervention

Depression severity (acute phase, 5 ≤ 12 weeks) · women of any age, with PND up to 12 months

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Depression standardised depression scores · patients with sickle cell disease

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for patients and caregivers to improve knowledge of sickle cell disease and recognition of its related… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 135 participants
Moderate