Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

52 questions · 53 findings · 21 reviews

No studies found 6 · 11.3%GRADE not reported 1 · 1.9%Very low 12 · 22.6%Low 14 · 26.4%Moderate 14 · 26.4%High 6 · 11.3%

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Corticosteroids vs no corticosteroid use

All‐cause mortality Up to 28 days following admission · individuals with influenza

It is very uncertain whether corticosteroid therapy changes number of deaths at 30 days following admission (30‐day mortality)a compared with no corticosteroid therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dexamethasone: oral vs intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child as adult) · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether dexamethasone: oral changes any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child… compared with intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Betamethasone acetate plus phosphate vs betamethasone phosphate – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child as adult) · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether betamethasone acetate plus phosphate changes any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child… compared with betamethasone phosphate – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Betamethasone 12‐hourly vs 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child as adult) · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether betamethasone 12‐hourly changes any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child… compared with 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dexamethasone vs betamethasone – child outcomes

Any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child as adult) · women at risk of preterm birth

Dexamethasone showed no clear difference in any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child… compared with betamethasone – fetal/neonatal outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early inhaled steroids (< 2 weeks) vs placebo (among all randomised)

Death by, or CLD at, 36 weeks' PMA Death or oxygen dependency at 36 weeks' PMA · very low birth weight preterm neonates

Early inhaled steroids (< 2 weeks) probably leads to lower death by, or CLD at, 36 weeks' PMA Death or oxygen dependency at 36… compared with placebo (among all randomised) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

Fetal/neonatal/infant · the fetus/neonate/infant

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroid showed no clear difference in A1: Fetal or neonatal or infant death (< 1 year of age) – all… compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Methylprednisolone vs dexamethasone

Clinical worsening: need for invasive mechanical ventilation, or death at up to day 28 · hospitalised and unvaccinated individuals with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ High‐dose dexamethasone (12 mg or higher) vs low‐dose dexamethasone (6 mg to 8 mg)

Clinical worsening: need for invasive mechanical ventilation, or death at up to day 28 · hospitalised individuals with unknown vaccination status and a confirmed diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Eculizumab vs placebo

Death or disability after 12 months In the absence of data at 12 months, we report the outcome at 6 months · adults with severe Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS disability score > 2), within 2 weeks form onset

It is very uncertain whether eculizumab changes death or disability after 12 months In the absence of data at 12… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review