Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

58 questions · 66 findings · 22 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 9 · 13.6%GRADE not reported 9 · 13.6%Very low 13 · 19.7%Low 20 · 30.3%Moderate 13 · 19.7%High 2 · 3%

NIPPV vs NCPAP

Chronic lung disease · preterm neonates after extubation

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease (oxygen supplementation at 36 weeks) compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

3a. Chronic lung disease at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age – doxapram compared to no treatment for the prevention of reintubation · prevention of reintubation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · prevention of reintubation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

Chronic lung disease · the fetus/neonate/infant

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroid showed no clear difference in A8: Chronic lung disease – all fetuses randomised compared with single course (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower vs higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth

Chronic lung disease · preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether lower changes chronic lung disease (36 weeks' corrected age) compared with higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Betamethasone 12‐hourly vs 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Chronic lung disease · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether betamethasone 12‐hourly changes chronic lung disease compared with 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

Chronic lung disease · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… changes chronic lung disease compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · preterm infants resuscitated by PPV at birth

Use of initial sustained inflation showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease ‒any grade compared with standard inflations (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review