Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

39 questions · 39 findings · 12 reviews

No studies found 2 · 5.1%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 5 · 12.8%Low 14 · 35.9%Moderate 15 · 38.5%High 3 · 7.7%

Double‐balloon catheter vs vaginal PGE2

Caesarean section · women with a previous caesarean section (subgroup of all women in the study) with intact fetal membranes, cephalic position and…

It is very uncertain whether double‐balloon catheter changes caesarean section compared with vaginal PGE2 (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal PGE2 vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin

Caesarean section · women with one previous lower segment caesarean section and requiring labour induction due to prolonged pregnancy or pre‐eclampsia,…

Vaginal PGE2 showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with intravenous (IV) oxytocin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Elective delivery (induction of labour + elective caesarean section) · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in elective delivery (induction of labour + elective caesarean section) compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Test of placental function vs usual care

Elective delivery (induction of labour or non‐labour caesarean section) report of mode of delivery · women in the third trimester of pregnancy

Test of placental function showed no clear difference in elective delivery (induction of labour or non‐labour caesarean… compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal isosorbide mononitrate vs Foley catheter

Caesarean section · pregnant women with 1 previous lower segment caesarean section at 37 weeks and beyond, with a BS of ≤ 6, intact membranes, reactive…

It is very uncertain whether vaginal isosorbide mononitrate changes caesarean section compared with foley catheter (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal PGE2 pessary vs vaginal PGE2

Caesarean section · women with a previous caesarean section, a live singleton fetus (37‐42 weeks of gestation) in cephalic presentation and a reactive…

It is very uncertain whether vaginal PGE2 pessary changes caesarean section compared with vaginal PGE2 tablet (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

One frequency of amniotic membranes sweeping vs another frequency of amniotic membrane sweeping

Caesarean section · pregnant women carrying a live fetus at or near term (≥ 36 weeks' gestation).

One frequency of amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with another frequency of amniotic membrane sweeping (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Foley catheter vs intravenous (IV) oxytocin

Caesarean section · pregnant women with a previous low transverse caesarean section, singleton live pregnancy with cephalic presentation, period of gestation…

Foley catheter showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with intravenous (IV) oxytocin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review