Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

8 questions · 8 findings · 6 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 2 · 25%Moderate 4 · 50%High 2 · 25%

Simplified vs usual regimens

All adverse events · people with asthma

Simplified showed no clear difference in all adverse events compared with usual regimens (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve adherence to inhaled steroids for asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.76 [0.56, 1.04]
1 study · 1233 participants
Low

Stopping LABA vs continuing use of LABA+ICS

Adverse events (all) · adults with asthma well controlled on LABA and ICS

Stopping LABA showed no clear difference in adverse events (all) compared with continuing use of LABA+ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Stopping long‐acting beta₂‐agonists (LABA) for adults with asthma well controlled by LABA and inhaled corticosteroids 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.83 [0.66, 1.05]
5 studies · 1339 participants
Moderate

LAMA add‐on vs long‐acting beta2‐agonists (LABA) add‐on

Adverse events (all) · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) add‐on showed no clear difference in adverse events (all) compared with long‐acting beta2‐agonists (LABA) add‐on (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus addition of long‐acting… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.11 [0.92, 1.35]
3 studies · 1839 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.01 [0.83, 1.22]
12 studies · 10009 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.06 [0.99, 1.14]
19 studies · 20381 participants
High

LAMA add‐on vs ICS alone

All‐cause serious adverse events 24 weeks · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS

LAMA add‐on showed no clear difference in all‐cause serious adverse events 24 weeks compared with ICS alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus the same dose of ICS alone for… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.6 [0.23, 1.57]
5 studies · 2562 participants
Low

Regular formoterol and ICS vs same‐dose ICS

Non‐fatal serious adverse events · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Regular formoterol and ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular formoterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1 [0.87, 1.16]
32 studies · 35751 participants
High

Regular formoterol and ICS vs same‐dose ICS

Non‐fatal serious adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic asthma

Regular formoterol and ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled steroids with and without regular formoterol for asthma: serious adverse events 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.33 [0.71, 2.49]
10 studies · 4035 participants
Moderate