Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

57 questions · 57 findings · 29 reviews

No studies found 4 · 7%GRADE not reported 2 · 3.5%Very low 16 · 28.1%Low 18 · 31.6%Moderate 9 · 15.8%High 8 · 14%

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) vs placebo or no treatment

All‐cause mortality · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHRONIC: ACEi or ARB vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · Patients undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia receiving ACEIs or ARBs perioperatively

It is very uncertain whether ACEIs or ARBs changes all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation

All‐cause mortality: range 1 mo to 1 y · adults admitted to the ICU

It is very uncertain whether higher changes all‐cause mortality: range 1 mo to 1 y compared with lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm or very low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs changes all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with no earplugs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology vs less intense screening

All‐cause mortality ‐ More frequent chest x‐ray screening versus less frequent screening · Patients with lung cancer

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality ‐ More frequent chest x‐ray screening versus… compared with less intense screening (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology vs less intense screening

All‐cause mortality ‐ Annual chest x‐ray plus 4‐monthly cytology versus annual x‐ray alone · Patients with lung cancer

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality ‐ Annual chest x‐ray plus 4‐monthly cytology… compared with less intense screening (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality at 2 days ‐ immediate treatment · patients with acute myocardial infarction or stroke1

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes all‐cause mortality at 2 days ‐ immediate treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality at 10 days ‐ short‐term treatment · patients with acute myocardial infarction or stroke1

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes all‐cause mortality at 10 days ‐ short‐term treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service

All‐cause mortality Time point of measurement: 2 months in 1 randomised study; 12 months in 3 randomised studies; 14 months in 1 non‐randomised study · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme
1 finding from 1 review