Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

68 questions · 72 findings · 36 reviews

No studies found 7 · 9.7%GRADE not reported 2 · 2.8%Very low 22 · 30.6%Low 22 · 30.6%Moderate 13 · 18.1%High 6 · 8.3%

Non‐surgical vs surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes)

Long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): radiotherapy versus surgery All‐cause mortality for the duration of · patients with oesophageal cancer

It is very uncertain whether non‐surgical changes long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): radiotherapy versus… compared with surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐surgical vs surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes)

Long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): chemoradiotherapy versus surgery All‐cause mortality for the duration of · patients with oesophageal cancer

Non‐surgical showed no clear difference in long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): chemoradiotherapy… compared with surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Exercise vs no exercise at longest available follow‐up

All‐cause mortality ( · adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator

It is very uncertain whether exercise changes all‐cause mortality ( compared with no exercise at longest available follow‐up (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs NPH insulin

All‐cause mortality
2 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews

Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis

All‐cause mortality · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism

Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Idraparinux secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis

All‐cause mortality · people with cancer with VTE receiving secondary prophylaxis

Idraparinux secondary prophylaxis showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis

All‐cause mortality · patients with active cancer with venous thromboembolism

Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA

Mortality (all‐cause) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers changes mortality (all‐cause) compared with once‐daily LAMA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination vs tiotropium

Mortality (all‐cause) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination showed no clear difference in mortality (all‐cause) compared with tiotropium (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis

All‐cause mortality (time‐to‐event) · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism

Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (time‐to‐event) compared with vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis

All‐cause mortality (main analysis ‐ active cancer) · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism

Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (main analysis ‐ active cancer) compared with vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review