Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

170 questions · 170 findings · 56 reviews

No studies found 42 · 24.7%GRADE not reported 19 · 11.2%Very low 63 · 37.1%Low 33 · 19.4%Moderate 12 · 7.1%High 1 · 0.6%

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Adverse events / complications ‐ Number of participants with complications · (mainly older) adults with most types of displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (10 trials)

Surgical showed no clear difference in adverse events / complications ‐ Number of participants with… compared with non‐surgical treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary surgical intervention (curettage, peripheral osteotomy, or resection) vs Primary non-surgical intervention (intralesional corticosteroids, subcutaneous calcitonin, interferon alpha, or imatinib)

Adverse events · Patients with a pathological diagnosis of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical anchorage (mini-screw or mid-palatal implant) vs Conventional anchorage (headgear, transpalatal/palatal arch, etc.)

Adverse events · Patients of any age undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and requiring anchorage (adolescents to adults up to 48-54 years)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical portosystemic shunts vs devascularisation with splenectomy

Serious adverse events · people with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis

It is very uncertain whether surgical portosystemic shunts changes serious adverse events compared with devascularisation with splenectomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

Participants with adverse events at 1 year · adults with acute acromioclavicular dislocation of the shouldera

It is very uncertain whether surgical intervention changes participants with adverse events at 1 year compared with conservative intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical thrombectomy vs different types of endovascular interventions

Major adverse events · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts

It is very uncertain whether surgical thrombectomy changes major adverse events compared with different types of endovascular interventions (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical thrombectomy vs different types of endovascular interventions

Minor adverse events · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts

It is very uncertain whether surgical thrombectomy changes minor adverse events compared with different types of endovascular interventions (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review