What do systematic reviews say?

Chlorhexidine gel (0.2%, intrasocket) vs placebo or no treatment

• Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up: median 7 days
  No adverse events were reported. Six trials (673 participants) reported no adverse events from the use of chlorhexidine gel; one study (Rubio-Palau 2015) reported gastrointestinal discomfort (30, 18%), dizziness (10,…
  7 studies
  GRADE not reported

Chlorhexidine rinse (0.12% and 0.2%, pre- and post-extraction) vs placebo or no treatment

• Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up: median 7 days
  3 trials reported no adverse events. 1 study reported adverse events (alterations in taste, bad taste, staining) in 24/62 in chlorhexidine group versus 0/40 in placebo group, Peto OR = 8.42 (95% CI 3.31 to 21.39). A…
  6 studies
  GRADE not reported

Autologous platelet‐rich plasma vs placebo or no treatment

• Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up: median 7 days
  No adverse events were reported in these two trials.
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

In-office laser therapy (all types combined) vs Placebo (placebo laser or placebo agent) or no treatment

• Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Air blast stimuli studies (SoF 1)
  No adverse event was noted in the experimental and control groups
  11 studies · 954 participants
  Low
• Laser therapy for dentinal hypersensitivity 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Tactile stimuli studies (SoF 2)
  No adverse event was noted in the experimental and control groups
  5 studies · 386 participants
  Low

Hinokitiol gel vs Placebo gel

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 4 weeks
  Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 3 months
  Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events.
  0 studies
  No studies found

1000 mg champignon extract vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events.
  0 studies
  No studies found

0.05% chlorhexidine + 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride + 0.14% zinc lactate mouthrinse vs Placebo mouthwash

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  Adverse events (Table 6). Risk with placebo mouthwash: None reported. Risk with halita mouthwash: tongue staining was seen in patients who gargled, rather than rinsed. 40 participants (1 RCT). Certainty: VERY LOW.
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 weeks
  Adverse events reported by Borden 2002 were not related to the interventions.
  1 study · 41 participants
  GRADE not reported

Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 weeks
  Adverse events reported by Borden 2002 were not related to the interventions.
  1 study · 47 participants
  GRADE not reported

0.6% eucalyptus chewing gum vs Placebo chewing gum

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 4 weeks
  Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Essential oil mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 weeks
  Adverse events reported by Borden 2002 were not related to the interventions.
  1 study · 45 participants
  GRADE not reported

Any surgical or non-surgical technique or material used for the treatment of post-extraction bleeding vs Placebo, no treatment, or another active antifungal intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating post‐extraction bleeding 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No data are available as no RCTs have been conducted on interventions to treat post-extraction bleeding
  0 studies
  No studies found

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse events attributed to GM-CSF typically bone pain, nausea, fever and headache; not reported as serious; reporting poor and inconsistent (SoF comments cell, not GRADE-rated)
  8 studies
  GRADE not reported

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse events attributed to KGF were typically oral-related or skin-related; mostly mild to moderate with very few serious events; reporting poor and inconsistent, not appropriate to meta-analyse (SoF comments cell,…
  16 studies
  GRADE not reported

G‐CSF vs placebo or no treatment

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Limited evidence of adverse events for G-CSF; 2 of 6 studies did not report; low rates of mild to moderate events, most commonly bone pain (SoF comments cell, not GRADE-rated)
  6 studies
  GRADE not reported

Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), oral spray vs placebo

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse events narratively reported (not GRADE-rated)
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), oral spray vs placebo

• Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse events narratively reported; no serious events attributed to EGF (not GRADE-rated)
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) vs placebo or control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No studies in this comparison reported any adverse events. SoF cell: 'Not reported'.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Zinc vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether zinc supplements (zinc sulphate, zinc gluconate, zinc picolinate,… changes adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing taste disturbances 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  12 to 18 weeks
  RR 5.20 [0.90, 30.19]
  3 studies · 335 participants
  Very low