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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,512 questions · 1,539 findings · 647 reviews

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No studies found 224 · 14.6%GRADE not reported 102 · 6.6%Very low 383 · 24.9%Low 446 · 29%Moderate 293 · 19%High 91 · 5.9%

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Adverse events (control ‐ placebo) · young people
3 findings from 1 review

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs placebo or supportive treatment

Adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects… compared with supportive therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Certolizumab pegol 200 mg sc (with or without MTX) vs placebo (with or without MTX)

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with rheumatoid arthritis in adults

Certolizumab pegol 200 mg sc (with or without MTX) leads to higher withdrawals due to adverse events All doses of certolizumab pegol… compared with placebo (with or without MTX) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TMP/SMX vs placebo, no treatment or non‐PCP drug

Adverse events: severe adverse events requiring treatment discontinuation ‐ TMP/SMX versus placebo or no treatment Clinical and laboratory criteria and treatment discontinuations · patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non‐HIV immunocompromised patients

TMP/SMX showed no clear difference in adverse events: severe adverse events requiring treatment… compared with placebo, no treatment or non‐PCP drug (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events: Acupuncture versus sham or placebo control · women with primary dysmenorrhoea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oestrogen ring vs other regimens

Adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen cream vs non‐hormonal lubricant gel) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy

Oestrogen ring showed no clear difference in adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen ring vs placebo) compared with other regimens (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review