Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

51 questions · 51 findings · 18 reviews · Musculoskeletal

No studies found 24 · 47.1%GRADE not reported 1 · 2%Very low 4 · 7.8%Low 13 · 25.5%Moderate 6 · 11.8%High 3 · 5.9%

Summary of findings table ‐ Adjunctive therapies in addition to land‐based exercise therapy vs land‐based exercise therapy

Adverse events · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Summary of findings table ‐ Adjunctive therapies in addition to… showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with land‐based exercise therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

Adverse events Adverse events included discomfort, local skin reactions, superficial infections, cold induced injuries and thrombolytic events · people undergoing total knee replacement

It is very uncertain whether any cold therapy changes total adverse eventsAdverse events included discomfort, local skin… compared with no cold therapy following total knee replacement (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination of manual therapy and exercise following joint distension vs sham ultrasound following joint distension

Adverse events · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

Combination of manual therapy and exercise following joint distension leads to lower adverse events compared with sham ultrasound following joint distension (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review