Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

37 questions · 37 findings · 15 reviews · Airways

No studies found 8 · 21.6%GRADE not reported 1 · 2.7%Very low 6 · 16.2%Low 12 · 32.4%Moderate 8 · 21.6%High 2 · 5.4%

Oral + inhaled dual therapy vs oral monotherapy

Serious adverse events. Outcome assessed on day 42 · bronchiectasis

It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes serious adverse events. Outcome assessed on day 42 compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy vs current best practice

Fatal serious adverse events · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS

160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy showed no clear difference in fatal serious adverse events compared with current best practice (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sublingual immunotherapy vs control

All adverse events Weighted mean duration of studies: 60 weeks** · people with asthma

Sublingual immunotherapy leads to higher all adverse events Weighted mean duration of studies: 62 weeks** compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sublingual immunotherapy vs control

Serious adverse events Weighted mean duration of studies: 49 weeks · people with asthma

Sublingual immunotherapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events Weighted mean duration of studies: 56 weeks compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy vs current best practice

Non‐fatal serious adverse events · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS

160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (non‐fatal) compared with current best practice (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy vs current best practice

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS

160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy probably leads to higher discontinuation due to adverse events compared with current best practice (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors

Minor adverse events · erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea

It is very uncertain whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) changes minor adverse events compared with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review