Short‐acting inhaled beta‐2 agonists vs short‐acting inhaled muscarinic antagonists
Adverse events  · adults and children with cystic fibrosis
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted1 study · 17 participantsVery low
Findings
What do systematic reviews say?
93 questions · 97 findings · 36 reviews
No studies found 4 · 4.1%GRADE not reported 4 · 4.1%Very low 18 · 18.6%Low 32 · 33%Moderate 30 · 30.9%High 9 · 9.3%
Summary of findings ‐ Inhaled mannitol vs placebo
Adverse events · people with bronchiectasis
Inhaled mannitol showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- OR 0.96 [0.61, 1.51]2 studies · 804 participantsModerate
Inhaled NO vs placebo
Adverse events · people with SCD
1 finding from 1 review
- Inhaled nitric oxide for treating pain crises in people with sickle cell disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 150 participantsLow
Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics vs IV antibiotics
Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (during acute exacerbations of lung disease)
1 finding from 1 review
- Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 18 participantsVery low
Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care
Adverse events · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination
Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.78 [0.47, 1.31]1 study · 400 participantsLow
Summary of findings: inhaled TOBI® (IV preparation) vs tobramycin
Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- Inhaled anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for long‐term therapy in cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
Short‐acting inhaled beta‐2 agonists vs placebo
Adverse events  · adults and children with cystic fibrosis
It is very uncertain whether short‐acting inhaled beta‐2 agonists changes adverse events  compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted3 studies · 47 participantsVery low
Summary of findings ‐ 400 mg inhaled mannitol vs 50 mg inhaled mannitol
Adverse events relating to treatment Scale: mild, moderate, severe and total · adults, children and young people with CF
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted2 studies · 600 participantsModerate
Combination inhaled therapy vs SABA
Total adverse events · Adults with acute asthma
Combination inhaled therapy probably leads to higher total adverse events compared with SABA alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Combined inhaled beta‐agonist and anticholinergic agents for emergency management in adults with asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyOR 2.03 [1.28, 3.2]11 studies · 1392 participantsModerate
Short‐acting inhaled muscarinic antagonists vs placebo
Adverse events  · adults and children with cystic fibrosis
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted2 studies · 27 participantsVery low
Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care
Serious adverse events · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination
It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care changes serious adverse events compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.51 [0.09, 2.76]1 study · 1586 participantsVery low
A boost of inhaled corticosteroids vs usual care
Adverse events · autumn asthma exacerbations in children
A boost of inhaled corticosteroids showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with usual care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- OR 0.67 [0.34, 1.33]1 study · 176 participantsModerate
Summary of findings: inhaled antioxidants vs placebo
Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis
1 finding from 1 review
- Antioxidant supplementation for lung disease in cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted3 studies · 223 participantsLow
Summary of findings ‐ Inhaled mannitol vs control (non‐respirable mannitol)
Adverse events relating to treatment Scale: mild, moderate, severe and total · children and young adults with CF
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted1 study · 22 participantsLow
Summary of findings ‐ Inhaled mannitol vs control (non‐respirable mannitol)
Adverse events relating to treatment Scale: mild, moderate, severe and total · adults, children and young people with CF
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted123 participantsLow
Summary of findings ‐ Inhaled mannitol vs dornase alfa
Adverse events relating to treatment Scale: mild, moderate, severe and total · children and young adults with CF
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted231 participantsVery low
Summary of findings ‐ Inhaled mannitol plus dornase alfa vs dornase alfa
Adverse events relating to treatment Scale: mild, moderate, severe and total · children and young adults with CF
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted231 participantsVery low
Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics vs IV antibiotics
Adverse events (moderate) · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (during acute exacerbations of lung disease)
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics changes adverse events moderate adverse events experienced during and after… compared with IV antibiotics only (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 28 participantsVery low
Oral + inhaled dual therapy vs oral monotherapy
Serious adverse events. Outcome assessed on day 42 · bronchiectasis
It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes serious adverse events. Outcome assessed on day 42 compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- OR 0.48 [0.08, 2.87]1 study · 53 participantsVery low
Cycled inhaled tobramycin vs culture‐based TNS
Adverse effects of antibiotics: proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse event · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen
Cycled inhaled tobramycin (TNS) probably leads to lower adverse effects of antibiotics: proportion of participants with one… compared with culture‐based TNS (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyOR 0.851 study · 304 participantsModerate