What do systematic reviews say?

Higher‐dose ghrelin vs lower‐dose ghrelin

• Ghrelin for the management of cachexia associated with cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 40 participants
  Very low

High‐concentration (8%) capsaicin patch vs control patch (0.4%)

• Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1993 participants
  Moderate

High‐concentration (8%) capsaicin patch vs control patch (0.4%)

• Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 2487 participants
  Moderate

High‐dose corticosteroids vs moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids

High‐dose corticosteroids probably leads to higher serious adverse events compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for the treatment of metastatic extradural spinal cord compression in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 8.02 [1.03, 62.37]
  2 studies · 77 participants
  Moderate

CBT vs TAU

• Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 1314 participants
  Very low

CBT vs AC

• Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 689 participants
  Very low

Psychological therapies vs controls

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapies changes adverse events (proportion of people reporting an adverse event)… compared with controls (very low certainty).

• Psychological therapies for the prevention of migraine in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.16 [0, 7.85]
  2 studies · 208 participants
  Very low

Low dose naldemedine vs higher dose

Low dose naldemedine showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with higher doses (low certainty).

• Mu‐opioid antagonists for opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction in people with cancer and people receiving palliative care 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.67, 1.06]
  1 study · 112 participants
  Low

Lower‐dose methylnaltrexone vs higher dose

Methylnaltrexone lower dose showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with higher dose (low certainty).

• Mu‐opioid antagonists for opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction in people with cancer and people receiving palliative care 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [1, 1]
  2 studies · 135 participants
  Low

Lower‐dose methylnaltrexone vs higher dose

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mu‐opioid antagonists for opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction in people with cancer and people receiving palliative care 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low dose naldemedine vs higher dose

Low dose naldemedine showed no clear difference in serious adverse eventsg compared with higher doses (low certainty).

• Mu‐opioid antagonists for opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction in people with cancer and people receiving palliative care 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.25 [0.03, 2.17]
  1 study · 112 participants
  Low