Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,514 questions · 1,543 findings · 649 reviews

No studies found 224 · 14.5%GRADE not reported 105 · 6.8%Very low 383 · 24.8%Low 447 · 29%Moderate 293 · 19%High 91 · 5.9%

Are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) effective and safe vs placebo?

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events

It is very uncertain whether are disease‐modifying drugs for a first attack suggestive of… changes withdrawls or drug discontinuation due to adverse events during 24… compared with placebo? (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hyperimmune immunoglobulin from human plasma vs saline placebo

Serious adverse events up to day 28 (data available only as a composite of serious adverse events or death up to day 28) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19

Hyperimmune immunoglobulin from human plasma showed no clear difference in serious adverse events up to day 28 (data available only as a… compared with saline placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures vs no prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures (colloid, crystalloid, placebo, or no treatment)

Serious adverse events measured by plasma transfusion‐related complications within 24 hours № of participants: 21 (1 RCT) · patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery/invasive procedures
1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs placebo or sham acupuncture

Adverse events Adverse events includes withdrawal and drop‐outs that could be clearly identified as due to an adverse event · patients with fibromyalgia

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in adverse events Adverse events includes withdrawal and drop‐outs that… compared with placebo or sham acupuncture (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fexofenadine 120 mg/d vs placebo (1‐week intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · adults with eczema

Fexofenadine 120 mg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (1‐week intervention) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Loratadine 10 mg vs placebo (4‐week intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · adults with eczema

Loratadine 10 mg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (4‐week intervention) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cetirizine 0.5 mg/kg/d vs placebo (18‐month intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · children with eczema

Cetirizine 0.5 mg/kg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (18‐month intervention) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cetirizine 10 mg/d vs placebo (4‐week intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · adults with eczema

Cetirizine 10 mg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (4‐week intervention) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs placebo

Adverse events: Specific: Weight gain ‐ all doses of depot risperidone ‐ short term Spontaneous reporting by study participants · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE DEPOT changes adverse events: Specific: Weight gain ‐ all doses of depot… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs placebo

Adverse events: General: Severe adverse event ‐ any dose risperidone depot ‐ short term Spontaneous reporting by study participants · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE DEPOT changes adverse events: General: Severe adverse event ‐ any dose risperidone… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Live zoster vaccine vs placebo

Participants with adverse events: 1 or more serious adverse events regardless of type of storage of the vaccine Clinical or laboratory criteria · healthy older adults aged ≥ 60 years

Live zoster vaccine showed no clear difference in participants with adverse events: 1 or more serious adverse events… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aromatherapy vs placebo

Adverse events (common reactions to aromatherapy include skin rashes, dyspnoea, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension or dizziness) · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Peppermint vs placebo

Adverse events (common reactions to aromatherapy include skin rashes, dyspnoea, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension or dizziness) · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

tDCS vs placebo or control

Dropouts, adverse events and deaths during intervention phase Numbers of dropouts, adverse events and deaths from all causes · people with stroke

tDCS showed no clear difference in secondary outcome measure: dropouts, adverse events and deaths… compared with any type of placebo or passive control intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review