Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

254 questions · 260 findings · 116 reviews

No studies found 72 · 27.7%GRADE not reported 20 · 7.7%Very low 90 · 34.6%Low 47 · 18.1%Moderate 27 · 10.4%High 4 · 1.5%

Enhanced recovery protocol vs usual care

Serious adverse events (proportion) · people with major upper gastrointestinal, liver and pancreatic surgery

It is very uncertain whether enhanced recovery protocol changes serious adverse events (proportion) compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Investigator‐defined adverse events · individuals with atrial fibrillation who are undergoing cardiac surgery

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes investigator‐defined adverse events (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Side effects or other adverse events · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions

Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic… showed no clear difference in side effects or other adverse events compared with placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ shallow anterior chamber · People undergoing trabeculectomy surgery with glaucoma

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events ‐ shallow anterior chamber (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia

Adverse events (assessed at any time during · adults having abdominal surgery

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in adverse events (assessed at any time during compared with intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events: severe, grade > 2 (Duration of · stages I to III NSCLC patients treated with surgery or radiotherapy with curative intent

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events: severe, grade > 2 (Duration of (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Helium vs carbon dioxide

Pneumoperitoneum‐related serious adverse events · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether helium changes pneumoperitoneum‐related serious adverse events compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient and community rehabilitation) vs conventional rehabilitation

Adverse effects (fall down) · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery

It is very uncertain whether interdisciplinary enhanced rehabilitation (inpatient and community… changes adverse events (incidence of falls at 12 months) compared with conventional rehabilitation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Geriatrician‐led inpatient management vs orthopaedic‐led inpatient management

Adverse events (delirium during hospitalisation) · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery

It is very uncertain whether geriatrician‐led inpatient management changes adverse events (delirium during hospitalisation) compared with orthopaedic‐led inpatient management (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Propofol vs sevoflurane

Adverse event ‐ haemodynamic changes, number of events · patients with rapid emergence from anaesthesia after undergoing brain tumour surgery

Propofol may leads to higher adverse event ‐ haemodynamic changes, number of events compared with sevoflurane (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review