Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,199 questions · 1,226 findings · 451 reviews

No studies found 289 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 121 · 9.9%Very low 350 · 28.5%Low 279 · 22.8%Moderate 139 · 11.3%High 48 · 3.9%

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events during the trial period · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§

The intervention showed no clear difference in serious adverse events during the trial period (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events during the trial period · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table investigated…

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious adverse events during the trial period (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

Toxicity (adverse events probably due to drug) · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole,… showed no clear difference in toxicity (adverse events probably due to drug) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs Antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract

Toxicity (adverse events probably due to drug) · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract showed no clear difference in toxicity (adverse events probably due to drug) compared with antifungal drugs not absorbed from GI tract; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A vs placebo

Adverse events: minor gastrointestinal symptoms · healthy people and healthy male physicians

Vitamin A leads to higher adverse events: minor gastrointestinal symptoms compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events · people with or without existing CVD, men and women

It is very uncertain whether higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) changes major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events compared with lower PUFA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Suprapubic catheterisation vs intermittent self‐catheterisation

Adverse events (acute complication after surgery)

It is very uncertain whether suprapubic catheterisation changes adverse events (acute complication after surgery) compared with intermittent self‐catheterisation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events associated with RAT — not measured · Workers in positions with safety‐sensitive functions, other than commercial drivers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L aspartate changes non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids vs alkylating agents ± steroids

Malignancy · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

It is very uncertain whether calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids changes adverse events ‐ malignancy (range 30 to 36 months compared with alkylating agents ± steroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Discontinuation of study drug due to adverse events · unvaccinated, non‐hospitalized people with mild symptomatic COVID‐19 (WHO scale 2 to 3) at high risk for progression to severe disease

The intervention probably leads to lower discontinuation of study drug due to adverse events (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Discontinuation of study drug due to adverse events · hospitalized people with mild to moderate symptomatic COVID‐19 (WHO scale 2 to 4) with severe comorbidities

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

An extended NVP plus ZDV dual regimen administered to infants for 14 weeks vs sdNVP plus ZDV (1 week)

Infants with Probably Related Severe Adverse Events · Breastfeeding infants of HIV‐infected mothers

It is very uncertain whether an extended NVP plus ZDV regimen administered to infants for 14 weeks changes infants with Probably Related Severe Adverse Events compared with sdNVP plus ZDV (1 week) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review