Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

74 questions · 74 findings · 39 reviews

No studies found 30 · 40.5%GRADE not reported 7 · 9.5%Very low 23 · 31.1%Low 10 · 13.5%Moderate 3 · 4.1%High 1 · 1.4%

Electromechanical and robotic assisted training vs other interventions

acceptability and safety of treadmill training ‐ No intervention control group (co‐interventions were not similar in both groups) Number of adverse events and drop‐outs · people with stroke
1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing surface or skin‐related adverse events: e.g. skin reactions, bruising, hypersensitivity to gel · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery
1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to continence pessary vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding or Spotting · pelvic organ prolapse in women

Pessary plus PFMT showed no clear difference in number of women with adverse events ‐ abnormal vaginal bleeding compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to continence pessary vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Number of women with adverse events ‐ de novo voiding difficulty · pelvic organ prolapse in women

Pessary plus PFMT showed no clear difference in number of women with adverse events ‐ de novo voiding difficulty compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review