Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

60 questions · 61 findings · 29 reviews

No studies found 7 · 11.5%GRADE not reported 10 · 16.4%Very low 22 · 36.1%Low 11 · 18%Moderate 10 · 16.4%High 1 · 1.6%

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes adverse events: death (secondary outcome) compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bae: AZT/3TC/NVP vs AZT (+/‐ single dose NVP)

Infant Grade 3/4 Severe Adverse Events at Birth · HIV‐infected pregnant women with CD4 Counts <200 cells/mm31

It is very uncertain whether bae: AZT/3TC/NVP changes infant Grade 3/4 Severe Adverse Events at Birth compared with AZT (+/‐ single dose NVP) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Not applicable (single-arm safety outcome)

Adverse events: black staining of arrested lesions · Children and older adults treated with SDF for carious lesions

Black staining of arrested lesions was the main adverse event of SDF (reported by seven reviews); it was generally acceptable to patients (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Daily aural toileting vs single aural toileting episode

Frequency of adverse effects ‐ dizziness ( · people (of any age) with otorrhoea for a duration of at least 6 weeks

It is very uncertain whether daily aural toileting changes adverse events: dizziness Assessed by: self reported compared with single aural toileting episode (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Grades 3 and 4 adverse events · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) showed no clear difference in adverse Events grade 3 to 4 compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of antipsychotic drugs vs single antipsychotic drugs

Adverse events: Serious event or requiring discontinuation · schizophrenia or related disorders

It is very uncertain whether combinations of antipsychotic drugs changes adverse events: Serious event or requiring discontinuation compared with single antipsychotic drugs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. headache, seizures) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. headache,… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria, neck pain, eye discomfort) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g.… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events 1 mg morphine vs 2 mg morphinePercentage of participants with any adverse event · patients undergoing knee arthroscopy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events 1 mg morphine vs 4 mg/5 mg morphinePercentage of participants with any adverse event · patients undergoing knee arthroscopy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review