Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

Refine by population, intervention, comparison or outcome
More filters
Evidence found and GRADE certainty

137 questions · 138 findings · 58 reviews

No studies found 23 · 16.7%GRADE not reported 4 · 2.9%Very low 35 · 25.4%Low 31 · 22.5%Moderate 34 · 24.6%High 11 · 8%

Tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens vs placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens

Proportion of infants with serious adverse events ( · HIV‐positive pregnant women co‐infected with hepatitis B virus

It is very uncertain whether tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens changes proportion of infants with serious adverse events ( compared with placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens vs placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens

Proportion of mothers with serious adverse events ( · HIV‐positive pregnant women co‐infected with hepatitis B virus

It is very uncertain whether tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens changes proportion of mothers with serious adverse events ( compared with placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of UI after radical: combinations of treatments vs no treatment

Adverse events ‐ PFMT + anal EStim + BFB · Patients with postprostatectomy UI

Treatment of UI after radical: combinations of treatments showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ PFMT + anal EStim + BFB compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of conservative treatments vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events: e.g. soreness, discomfort, cramps, pain · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

It is very uncertain whether combinations of conservative treatments changes number of participants experiencing muscle‐related adverse events:… compared with no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs formoterol

Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol leads to lower adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of… compared with formoterol (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs placebo

Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs aclidinium alone

Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of… compared with aclidinium alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oestrogen in combination with progestogen (sequential or continuous) vs placebo

Specific adverse events · women with PMS

It is very uncertain whether oestrogen in combination with progestogen (sequential or continuous) changes specific adverse events over 2 to 4 menstrual cycles1 compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oestrogen in combination with progestogen (sequential or continuous) vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · women with PMS

It is very uncertain whether oestrogen in combination with progestogen (sequential or continuous) changes withdrawal due to adverse events over 2 to 4 menstrual cycles1 compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and oral NSAID vs oral NSAID

Adverse events Pain persisting longer than 2 hours after treatment (during the 3‐week treatment period) · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and oral NSAID may leads to higher adverse events Pain persisting longer than 2 hours after treatment… compared with oral NSAID (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to the patient or HCW before and/or after an AGP vs No treatment or saline or water

Changes in microbiome in oral cavity, nasal cavity, oro- or nasopharynx · Patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and the healthcare workers…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), any concentration, frequency or dosage vs No treatment or saline or water

Other adverse events (allergy, irritation/burning of nasal, oral or oropharyngeal mucosa, long-term staining of mucous membranes or teeth, accidental ingestion) · Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review