What do systematic reviews say?

Radix Sophorae flavescentis vs placebo or no intervention

• Radix Sophorae flavescentis versus no intervention or placebo for chronic hepatitis B 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 1140 participants
  Very low

Prebiotic vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Synbiotic vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether synbiotic changes adverse events (any) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Probiotics for management of functional abdominal pain disorders in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.88 [0.32, 25.92]
  3 studies · 189 participants
  Very low

Probiotics vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether probiotic changes adverse events (any) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Probiotics for management of functional abdominal pain disorders in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.07, 15.12]
  7 studies · 489 participants
  Very low

Oestrogen therapy alone vs no treatment or placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oestrogen therapy for treating pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Tacrolimus vs placebo

Tacrolimus showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Tacrolimus (FK506) for induction of remission in corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.18 [0.91, 1.54]
  3 studies · 148 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Stem Cell vs placebo or control

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Stem Cell changes total Adverse Events compared with placebo or Control (very low certainty).

• Stem cell transplantation for induction of remission in medically refractory Crohn’s disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.88, 1.13]
  4 studies · 293 participants
  Very low

High‐dose colchicine vs placebo

High‐dose colchicine may leads to higher total adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Colchicine for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.21 [2.01, 5.11]
  2 studies · 124 participants
  Low

Low‐dose colchicine vs placebo

Low‐dose colchicine showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Colchicine for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.32 [0.68, 2.56]
  1 study · 103 participants
  Low

Monthly pegloticase vs placebo

Monthly pegloticase showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.98, 1.14]
  1 study · 127 participants
  Moderate

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) vs placebo

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.91, 1.07]
  1 study · 128 participants
  Moderate

NSAIDs vs placebo

NSAIDs showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.2 [0.01, 3.85]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ IncobotulinumtoxinA 20U vs placebo

• Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 547 participants
  Moderate

Summary of Findings Table ‐ IncobotulinumtoxinA 20U vs placebo

Summary of Findings Table ‐ IncobotulinumtoxinA 20U showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.17 [0.9, 1.53]
  2 studies · 547 participants
  Low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ OnabotulinumtoxinA 20U vs placebo

Summary of Findings Table ‐ OnabotulinumtoxinA 20U probably leads to higher major adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 3.62 [1.5, 8.74]
  8 studies · 1390 participants
  Moderate

Summary of Findings Table ‐ DaxibotulinumtoxinA 40U vs placebo

• Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 716 participants
  Moderate

Summary of Findings Table ‐ DaxibotulinumtoxinA 40U vs placebo

Summary of Findings Table ‐ DaxibotulinumtoxinA 40U probably leads to higher total adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.23 [1.46, 3.4]
  2 studies · 716 participants
  Moderate

Summary of Findings Table ‐ OnabotulinumtoxinA 20U vs placebo

Summary of Findings Table ‐ OnabotulinumtoxinA 20U showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.14 [0.89, 1.45]
  8 studies · 1388 participants
  Low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ AbobotulinumtoxinA 50U vs placebo

Summary of Findings Table ‐ AbobotulinumtoxinA 50U may leads to higher total adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.25 [1.05, 1.49]
  8 studies · 1471 participants
  Low

Probiotics vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether probiotics changes minor adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Probiotics for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.42, 2.59]
  7 studies · 520 participants
  Very low