Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,228 questions · 1,245 findings · 383 reviews

No studies found 403 · 32.4%GRADE not reported 128 · 10.3%Very low 385 · 30.9%Low 232 · 18.6%Moderate 81 · 6.5%High 16 · 1.3%

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Adverse events (RR > 1 denotes greater risk of harm) · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led psychological interventions changes adverse events (RR > 1 denotes greater risk of harm) compared with usual or no care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Extended specialised early intervention (SEI) teams vs standard SEI teams plus treatment

Adverse effects/events: death ‐ all‐cause mortality(assessed by patient records) · recent‐onset psychosis

Extended specialised early intervention (SEI) teams showed no clear difference in adverse effects/events: death ‐ all‐cause mortality(assessed by… compared with standard SEI teams plus treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions vs inactive control

Adverse events (a count of reported harms or adverse events/experiences over life of study/ · survivors of sexual violence and abuse

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions changes adverse events (a count of reported harms or adverse… compared with inactive control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

Adverse events: number of people with 1 or more (all‐cause) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes adverse events: number of people with 1 or more (all‐cause) compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use vs enhanced usual care

Adverse events ‐ death in past 12 months (RR > 1 denotes higher risk of death) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful… changes adverse events ‐ deaths (RR < 1 denotes lower risk) compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for involving older patients with multi‐morbidity in decision‐making about their health care vs usual care

Adverse event** Less patient involvement as a result of the intervention Not measured · older patients with multi‐morbidity

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Electromechanical and robotic assisted training vs other interventions

acceptability and safety of treadmill training ‐ No intervention control group (co‐interventions were not similar in both groups) Number of adverse events and drop‐outs · people with stroke
1 finding from 1 review

tDCS vs active control

Dropouts, adverse events and deaths during intervention phase Numbers of dropouts, adverse events and deaths from all causes · people with stroke

tDCS showed no clear difference in secondary outcome measure: dropouts, adverse events and deaths… compared with any type of active control intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

tDCS vs placebo or control

Dropouts, adverse events and deaths during intervention phase Numbers of dropouts, adverse events and deaths from all causes · people with stroke

tDCS showed no clear difference in secondary outcome measure: dropouts, adverse events and deaths… compared with any type of placebo or passive control intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review