Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

211 questions · 212 findings · 75 reviews

No studies found 44 · 20.8%GRADE not reported 17 · 8%Very low 70 · 33%Low 49 · 23.1%Moderate 28 · 13.2%High 4 · 1.9%

Cotrimoxazole vs beta‐lactams

Other adverse events clinical criteria · patients with Shigella dysentery

It is very uncertain whether cotrimoxazole changes other adverse events clinical criteria compared with beta‐lactams (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cotrimoxazole vs fluoroquinolones

Other adverse events clinical criteria · patients with Shigella dysentery

It is very uncertain whether cotrimoxazole changes other adverse events clinical criteria compared with fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoroquinolones vs beta‐lactams

Serious adverse events clinical criteria · patients with Shigella dysentery

It is very uncertain whether fluoroquinolones changes serious adverse events clinical criteria compared with beta‐lactams (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azithromycin vs placebo or usual care

Adverse events during treatment period · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all studies contributing results to the summary of findings table included people…

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in any adverse events during the study period compared with placebo or standard of care alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azithromycin vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events during the study period · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all studies contributing results to the summary of findings table included people…

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in serious adverse events during the study period compared with placebo or standard of care alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral + inhaled dual therapy vs oral monotherapy

Serious adverse events. Outcome assessed on day 42 · bronchiectasis

It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes serious adverse events. Outcome assessed on day 42 compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: tobramycin for inhalation powder vs tobramycin

Adverse events: number of any adverse event reported · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

Summary of findings: tobramycin for inhalation powder showed no clear difference in adverse events: number of any adverse event reported compared with tobramycin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoroquinolones vs beta‐lactams

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · patients with Shigella dysentery

It is very uncertain whether fluoroquinolones changes adverse events leading to discontinuation of treatment compared with beta‐lactams (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Macrolide+tetracycline vs macrolides

All‐cause serious adverse events 60 weeks (end of study) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether macrolide+tetracycline changes all‐cause serious adverse events 60 weeks (end of study) compared with macrolide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intramuscular ceftriaxone vs oral amoxicillin plus oral probenecid

Adverse events including treatment‐related adverse events · pregnant women with gonorrhoea infection

It is very uncertain whether intramuscular ceftriaxone changes adverse events including treatment‐related adverse events compared with oral amoxicillin plus oral probenecid (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: colistimethate dry powder for inhalation (Colobreathe®) vs tobramycin

Adverse events: number of treatment related adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

Summary of findings: colistimethate dry powder for inhalation… may leads to higher adverse events: number of treatment related adverse events compared with tobramycin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: aztreonam lysine for inhalation vs tobramycin

Adverse events: number of treatment‐related adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

Summary of findings: aztreonam lysine for inhalation probably leads to higher adverse events: number of treatment‐related adverse events compared with tobramycin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review