What do systematic reviews say?

Saline vs no saline treatment

• Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Saline irrigation plus pharmacological treatment vs pharmacological treatment alone

• Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Saline irrigation plus pharmacological treatment vs pharmacological treatment alone

• Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Ear drops (water or saline) vs no treatment

Ear drops (water or saline) may leads to lower adverse effects: discomfort, irritation or pain compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Ear drops for the removal of ear wax 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Povidone iodine rinse vs Saline rinse or placebo

• Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects (Seguin 2014): no evidence of a difference in acute respiratory distress syndrome (RR 11.00, 95% CI 0.62 to 195.61), agitation and/or hypertension (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.86), epistaxis (RR 0.14, 95%…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Thymosin alpha 1 (10-minute soak prior to replantation) vs Normal saline

• Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Loo 2008 did not report this outcome; following email correspondence, authors reported no adverse effects were seen (uncertain whether formally assessed).
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Sodium hypochlorite 1.3% with MTAD final rinse vs Sodium hypochlorite 1.3% with normal saline final rinse

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% with hydrogen peroxide 3% vs Normal saline

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Sodium hypochlorite 1% with chlorhexidine 2% final rinse vs Sodium hypochlorite 1% with normal saline final rinse

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Chlorhexidine 0.2% vs Normal saline

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% vs Normal saline

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Oropharyngeal colostrum (OPC) vs No treatment or saline or water

• Oropharyngeal colostrum in preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 335 participants
  Very low

Injectional interferon alpha‐2B vs Normal saline

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐surgical therapies for Peyronie's disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Injectional nicardipine vs Normal saline

It is very uncertain whether injectional nicardipine changes treatment‐related adverse effects compared with saline (very low certainty).

• Non‐surgical therapies for Peyronie's disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.82 [0.12, 66.62]
  1 study · 62 participants
  Very low

Injectional verapamil vs saline (short‐term)

• Non‐surgical therapies for Peyronie's disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 14 participants
  Very low

Injectional betamethasone vs Normal saline

• Non‐surgical therapies for Peyronie's disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Ear drops (any active treatment) vs ear drops (water or saline)

Ear drops (any active treatment) may leads to lower adverse effects: discomfort, irritation or pain compared with ear drops (water or saline) (low certainty).

• Ear drops for the removal of ear wax 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 participants
  Low