Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

29 questions · 30 findings · 8 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 9 · 30%GRADE not reported 6 · 20%Very low 12 · 40%Low 3 · 10%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Magnetic seizure therapy plus standard care vs electroconvulsive therapy plus standard care

Adverse effects: clinically important adverse effectsassessed by: number of participants with a delayed memory deficitStudy duration: 4 weeks · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether magnetic seizure therapy plus standard care changes adverse effects: clinically important adverse effectsassessed by:… compared with electroconvulsive therapy plus standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ELECTRIC ACUPUNCTURE CONVULSIVE THERAPY vs ECT

Adverse effects: Spinal fracture (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

ELECTRIC ACUPUNCTURE CONVULSIVE THERAPY may leads to lower adverse effects: Spinal fracture (short‐term) compared with ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo or supportive treatment

Adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes adverse effects: doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events)… compared with supportive therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NIDOTHERAPY‐ENHANCED STANDARD CARE vs usual care

Adverse effect: Specific ‐ Death · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether NIDOTHERAPY‐ENHANCED STANDARD CARE changes adverse effects ‐ specific ‐ death Number of individual deaths of… compared with STANDARD CARE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs placebo or supportive treatment

Adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects… compared with supportive therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects… compared with cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review