Cochrane · systematic review · CD005475
Acupuncture for schizophrenia
Shen, X, Xia, J, Adams, CE · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2014 · Cochrane Library
SchizophreniaAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
42
current version
GRADE rated
18
No studies
22
Included studies
NR
No studies 22 · 52.4%Ungraded 2 · 4.8%Very low 8 · 19%Low 9 · 21.4%Moderate 1 · 2.4%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS for schizophrenia
Population: patients with schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Not improved, endpoint ‐ medium‐term (various similar criteria) ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | RR 0.4 [0.28, 0.57] | 3 studies · 244 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Mental state: PANSS (not improved, reduced rated < 25%, short‐term) ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | RR 0.65 [0.45, 0.94] | 3 studies · 197 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | RR 1.33 [0.33, 5.45] | 10 studies · 870 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Service outcomes: Time in hospital (days) ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Adverse effects: Central Nervous System ‐ insomnia (short‐term) ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | RR 0.3 [0.11, 0.83] | 3 studies · 202 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Quality of life: No clinically important change in quality of life ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Economic outcomes: Cost of care ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS versus STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS for schizophrenia
Population: patients with schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Relapse ( ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | RR 0.57 [0.37, 0.89] | 1 study · 170 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Mental state: BPRS (not improved, reduced rate < 30%, short‐term) ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | RR 0.75 [0.18, 3.07] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | RR 0.81 [0.29, 2.29] | 8 studies · 662 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias |
Service outcomes: Hospitalisation ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effects: Extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ specific ‐ akathisia (short‐term) ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | RR 0.03 [0, 0.49] | 1 study · 180 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Quality of life: No clinically important change in quality of life ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Economic outcomes: Cost of care ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ACUPUNCTURE versus STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS for schizophrenia
Population: patients with schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Not improved (talk, behaviour and expression still existed as before; the reduction of BPRS < 29%), endpoint (short‐term) ACUPUNCTURE vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | RR 0.33 [0.19, 0.59] | 2 studies · 240 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Mental state: BPRS, endpoint (high score = worse, short‐term) ‐ traditional acupuncture ACUPUNCTURE vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) ACUPUNCTURE vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 421 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Service outcomes: Hospitalisation ACUPUNCTURE vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effects: Extrapyramidal symptoms (short‐term) ACUPUNCTURE vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | RR 0.05 [0, 0.83] | 1 study · 21 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Quality of life: No clinically important change in quality of life ACUPUNCTURE vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Economic outcomes: Cost of care ACUPUNCTURE vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ACUPUNCTURE added to TCM DRUG versus TCM DRUG for schizophrenia
Population: patients with schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Not improved (talk, behaviour and expression still existed as before, the reduction of BPRS < 29%), endpoint (short‐term) ACUPUNCTURE added to TCM DRUG vs TCM DRUG | RR 0.11 [0.02, 0.59] | 2 studies · 360 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Mental state: No clinically important change in mental state ACUPUNCTURE added to TCM DRUG vs TCM DRUG | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) ACUPUNCTURE added to TCM DRUG vs TCM DRUG | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 454 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Service outcomes: Hospitalisation ACUPUNCTURE added to TCM DRUG vs TCM DRUG | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effects ACUPUNCTURE added to TCM DRUG vs TCM DRUG | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Quality of life: No clinically important change in quality of life ACUPUNCTURE added to TCM DRUG vs TCM DRUG | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Economic outcomes: Cost of care ACUPUNCTURE added to TCM DRUG vs TCM DRUG | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ACUPUNCTURE versus TCM DRUG for schizophrenia
Population: patients with schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Not improved, endpoint (short‐term) ‐ Not improved (no change in symptoms) ‐ Electroacupuncture ACUPUNCTURE vs TCM DRUG | RR 0.52 [0.34, 0.8] | 1 study · 88 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Mental state: No clinically important change in general mental state ACUPUNCTURE vs TCM DRUG | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) ACUPUNCTURE vs TCM DRUG | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 328 participants | Ungraded |
Service outcomes: Hospitalisation ACUPUNCTURE vs TCM DRUG | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effects ACUPUNCTURE vs TCM DRUG | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Quality of life: No clinically important change in quality of life ACUPUNCTURE vs TCM DRUG | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Economic outcomes: Cost of care ACUPUNCTURE vs TCM DRUG | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ELECTRIC ACUPUNCTURE CONVULSIVE THERAPY versus ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY for schizophrenia
Population: patients with schizophrenia
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Global state: Relapse ELECTRIC ACUPUNCTURE CONVULSIVE THERAPY vs ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mental state: No clinically important change in general mental state ELECTRIC ACUPUNCTURE CONVULSIVE THERAPY vs ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) ELECTRIC ACUPUNCTURE CONVULSIVE THERAPY vs ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 68 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Service outcomes: Hospitalisation ELECTRIC ACUPUNCTURE CONVULSIVE THERAPY vs ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse effects: Spinal fracture (short‐term) ELECTRIC ACUPUNCTURE CONVULSIVE THERAPY vs ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY | RR 0.33 [0.14, 0.81] | 1 study · 68 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Quality of life: No clinically important change in quality of life ELECTRIC ACUPUNCTURE CONVULSIVE THERAPY vs ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Economic outcomes: Cost of care ELECTRIC ACUPUNCTURE CONVULSIVE THERAPY vs ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |