Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

584 questions · 590 findings · 240 reviews

No studies found 106 · 18%GRADE not reported 94 · 15.9%Very low 137 · 23.2%Low 134 · 22.7%Moderate 98 · 16.6%High 21 · 3.6%

TNF‐α blockers intervention vs placebo or additional treatment

Rash · children diagnosed with Kawasaki disease

It is very uncertain whether TNF‐α blockers intervention changes adverse effects after treatment initiation: cutaneous reactions (rash) compared with placebo or additional treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs placebo

Adverse effects: 2. Extrapyramidal ‐ akathisia · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA changes adverse effects: EPS: akathisia measured by average ESRS change scores compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PERPHENAZINE vs placebo

Adverse events: extrapyramidal adverse effects ‐ dystonia ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether PERPHENAZINE changes adverse events: extrapyramidal adverse effects ‐ dystonia ‐ short term compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical vitamin D derivative vs placebo

Proportion of participants with adverse effects ‐ measured over 8 weeks · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

Topical vitamin D derivative showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with adverse effects ‐ measured over 8… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mirtazapine adjunct vs placebo adjunct

Adverse effect/event: clinically important extrapyramidal adverse events ‐ akathisia (medium term) · schizophrenia

Mirtazapine adjunct may leads to lower adverse effects: extrapyramidal ‐ clinically important change… compared with placebo adjunct (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Etretinate vs placebo or no treatment

Proportion of participants with adverse effects ‐ measured over 8 weeks · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

It is very uncertain whether etretinate changes proportion of participants with adverse effects ‐ measured over 12… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Etretinate with PUVA therapy as co‐intervention vs placebo with PUVA therapy

Proportion of participants with adverse effects ‐ measured over 8 weeks · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

It is very uncertain whether etretinate with PUVA therapy as co‐intervention changes proportion of participants with adverse effects ‐ measured over 20… compared with placebo with PUVA therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alitretinoin vs placebo

Proportion of participants with adverse effects ‐ measured over 8 weeks · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

Alitretinoin showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with adverse effects ‐ measured over 24… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs placebo

Adverse effects: EPS: parkinsonism measured by average ESRS change scores · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA showed no clear difference in adverse effects: EPS: parkinsonism measured by average ESRS change… compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vigabatrin vs placebo

Adverse effects: abnormal vision Duration of treatment (range): 8–36 weeks · people (aged 10–64 years) with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

It is very uncertain whether vigabatrin changes adverse effects: abnormal vision Duration of treatment (range): 8–36… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antipsychotics vs nonantipsychotics or placebo

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · delirious patients

It is very uncertain whether antipsychotics changes adverse Effects ‐ EPS Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale, or not… compared with nonantipsychotics or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Betahistine vs placebo

Proportion of patients with adverse effects№ of participants: 819(12 RCTs) · patients with symptoms of vertigo

Betahistine showed no clear difference in proportion of patients with adverse effects№ of participants: 819(12… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levetiracetam vs placebo

Adverse effects: 5 most common adverse effects (any age) – accidental injury · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Levetiracetam showed no clear difference in adverse effects: 5 most common adverse effects (any age) –… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review