Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

584 questions · 590 findings · 240 reviews

No studies found 106 · 18%GRADE not reported 94 · 15.9%Very low 137 · 23.2%Low 134 · 22.7%Moderate 98 · 16.6%High 21 · 3.6%

Antihistamine‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, and excessive sleepiness · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, and excessive sleepiness compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihistamine‐analgesic vs placebo

Adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, and excessive sleepiness · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Antihistamine‐analgesic showed no clear difference in adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, and excessive sleepiness compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vigabatrin vs placebo

Adverse effect: fatigue · people (aged 10–64 years) with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Vigabatrin may leads to higher adverse effects: fatigue Duration of treatment (range): 8–36 weeks compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levetiracetam vs placebo

Adverse effects: headache · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Levetiracetam showed no clear difference in adverse effects: 5 most common adverse effects (any age) – headache compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

Adverse effects during antidepressant treatment period (0‐12 weeks) · adults living with HIV and depression

It is very uncertain whether antidepressant changes adverse effects during antidepressant treatment period (0‐12 weeks) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous immunoglobulin with or without standard care vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events Analysis 11.2 · children with acute encephalitis

It is very uncertain whether intravenous immunoglobulin with or without standard care changes ≥ 1 serious adverse event RR (M‐H, random‐effects analysis, 95% CI) compared with standard care alone or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Flunarizine vs placebo

Adverse effects ‐ Blurred vision No of patients with blurred vision · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy

Flunarizine showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ Blurred vision No of patients with blurred vision compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levetiracetam vs placebo

Adverse effects: 5 most common adverse effects (any age) – dizziness · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Levetiracetam showed no clear difference in adverse effects: 5 most common adverse effects (any age) – dizziness compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Terbinafine 1% cream/gel vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

Adverse effects Reported by investigators 'and' or 'or' participants · patients with tinea cruris and tinea corporis

It is very uncertain whether terbinafine 1% cream/gel changes adverse effects Reported by investigators 'and' or 'or' participants compared with placebo cream/gel (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azoles vs placebo

Adverse effects Reported by investigators 'and' or 'or' participants · patients with tinea cruris and tinea corporis

It is very uncertain whether azoles changes adverse effects Reported by investigators 'and' or 'or' participants compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Naftifine 1% cream once or twice daily vs placebo cream once or twice daily

Adverse effects Reported by investigators 'and' or 'or' participants · patients with tinea cruris and tinea corporis

It is very uncertain whether naftifine 1% cream once or twice daily changes adverse effects Reported by investigators 'and' or 'or' participants compared with placebo cream once or twice daily (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levetiracetam vs placebo

Somnolence · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Levetiracetam probably leads to higher adverse effects: 5 most common adverse effects (any age) – somnolence compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vigabatrin vs placebo

Adverse effects: nystagmus Duration of treatment (range): 16–18 weeks · people (aged 10–64 years) with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Vigabatrin showed no clear difference in adverse effects: nystagmus Duration of treatment (range): 16–18 weeks compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs placebo

Adverse effects: EPS: dystonia measured by average ESRS change scores · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA showed no clear difference in adverse effects: EPS: dystonia measured by average ESRS change scores compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 vs placebo

Adverse effects: neurological, extrapyramidal UKU (events) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

Group A: omega‐3 fatty acids showed no clear difference in adverse effects: neurological, extrapyramidal UKU (events) Medium‐term compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review