Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

28 questions · 28 findings · 15 reviews

No studies found 10 · 35.7%GRADE not reported 4 · 14.3%Very low 4 · 14.3%Low 7 · 25%Moderate 3 · 10.7%High 0 · 0%

Vitamin E + vitamin C vs placebo

Any adverse effects of vitamin supplementation sufficient to stop supplementation · pregnant women

Vitamin C and vitamin E showed no clear difference in any adverse effects of vitamin supplementation sufficient to stop… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D given to infants vs placebo or no treatment

Hypercalcaemia · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health

Vitamin D given to infants showed no clear difference in adverse effects (hypercalcaemia) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin C vs placebo

Adverse effects (urticaria) Defined as participants reporting urticaria (hives) Dose: 2 g per day · school‐aged children (6 to 15 years) and marine corps recruits (mean age 18.5 years)

It is very uncertain whether vitamin C changes adverse effects (urticaria) Defined as participants reporting… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D given to lactating mothers vs placebo or no treatment

Hypercalcaemia · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health

Vitamin D given to lactating mothers showed no clear difference in adverse effects (hypercalcaemia) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse effects on women: abdominal cramps · women in the postpartum period

Vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) showed no clear difference in maternal adverse effects after administration: abdominal pain compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LongoVital (herbal plus vitamin component) vs LongoVital (herbal component alone)

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review