Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

23 questions · 27 findings · 10 reviews

No studies found 1 · 3.7%GRADE not reported 5 · 18.5%Very low 9 · 33.3%Low 8 · 29.6%Moderate 4 · 14.8%High 0 · 0%

Psychological interventions vs treatment

Incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether psychological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months compared with treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Evidence‐based psychological interventions vs any comparator

Evidence‐based psychological interventions versus any comparator (Universal programmes) ‐ self‐rated depression scores (higher score is equivalent to a poorer outcome) · Children or adolescents
1 finding from 1 review

Evidence‐based psychological interventions vs any comparator

Diagnosis of depression · Children or adolescents

Evidence‐based psychological interventions probably leads to lower evidence‐based psychological interventions versus any comparator… compared with any comparator (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care

Depression symptoms ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) GHQ‐12a; PHQ‐9d,e,f; self‐reporting questionnaireh (higher score = higher severity) · adults with post‐traumatic stress and CMDs
1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led psychological interventions vs usual care

Severity of CMD symptoms (including anxiety and depression) ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Measured by PHQ‐9a,d,f; SRQ‐20b (higher score, higher severity) · adults with common mental disorders
1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Depression symptoms (1 to 6 months post intervention) Hopkins Symptom Checklist ‐ depression (higher score = higher severity) · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led psychological interventions changes depression symptoms (1 to 6 months post intervention) Hopkins… compared with usual or no care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Anxiety and depression · adults with post‐traumatic stress or common mental disorders

Primary health professional‐led psychological interventions may leads to higher prevalence of adults with probable depression or anxiety (1 to 6… compared with usual or no care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions vs usual care

Change in depression score ( · adolescents and adults with congenital heart disease
2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke
2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

Depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment (primary outcome) · people with depression after stroke
1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions vs treatment

Incidence of depression ‐ short term: < 6 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether psychological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ short term: < 6 months compared with treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review