What do systematic reviews say?

Probiotics vs placebo

• Probiotics for the prevention of Hirschsprung‐associated enterocolitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  GRADE not reported

Probiotics vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether probiotics changes serious adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Probiotics for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.66]
  7 studies · 526 participants
  Very low

Probiotics vs placebo

• Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 351 participants
  GRADE not reported

Probiotics vs placebo

Probiotics showed no clear difference in adverse events (serious adverse reaction and adverse reaction) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Probiotics for people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3 [0.49, 18.46]
  5 studies · 310 participants
  Low

Antibiotics plus probiotics vs placebo or no intervention

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics plus probiotics changes serious adverse events compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.07, 15.08]
  2 studies · 98 participants
  Very low

Dietary intervention (probiotics) vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found