Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

50 questions · 56 findings · 5 reviews

No studies found 16 · 28.6%GRADE not reported 3 · 5.4%Very low 20 · 35.7%Low 12 · 21.4%Moderate 3 · 5.4%High 2 · 3.6%

NSAIDs vs paracetamol

All adverse effects ‐ ibuprofen versus paracetamol · women with primary dysmenorrhoea

It is very uncertain whether NSAIDs changes all adverse effects ‐ ibuprofen versus paracetamol compared with paracetamol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) vs placebo or control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) probably leads to lower pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) compared with control (placebo or no treatment) (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) vs placebo or control

Quality of life or participant satisfaction · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
1 finding from 1 review

Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) vs placebo or control

Rescue analgesia · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs combination (paracetamol and opioid) analgesic

Little or no pain at 1 to 3 days · people with acute soft tissue injury, such as ankle sprain

It is very uncertain whether NSAID changes little or no pain at 1 to 3 days compared with combination (paracetamol and opioid) analgesic (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

NSAIDs vs combination (paracetamol and opioid) analgesic

Return to function on day 7 or later Assessed as 'cure' · people with acute soft tissue injury, such as ankle sprain

It is very uncertain whether NSAID changes return to function on day 7 or later Assessed as 'cure' compared with combination (paracetamol and opioid) analgesic (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review