Question · asked by 1 review
Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) vs placebo or control: Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale)
- Population
- People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
- Intervention
- Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid)
- Comparison
- placebo or control
- Outcome
- Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale)
Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) probably leads to lower pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) compared with control (placebo or no treatment) (moderate certainty).
What each review found
Include earlier review versionsNo studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 3 · 100%High 0 · 0%
| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) vs Control (placebo or no treatment) Pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies) · 2 hours Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) probably leads to lower pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) compared with control (placebo or no treatment) (moderate certainty). Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment (2017) · Cochrane All outcomes | MD -11.66 [-16.15, -7.17] | 10 studies · 685 participants | Moderate |
Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) vs Control (placebo or no treatment) Pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies) · 24 hours Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) probably leads to lower pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) compared with control (placebo or no treatment) (moderate certainty). Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment (2017) · Cochrane All outcomes | MD -21.19 [-28.31, -14.06] | 12 studies · 1012 participants | Moderate |
Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) vs Control (placebo or no treatment) Pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies) · 6 hours Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) probably leads to lower pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) compared with control (placebo or no treatment) (moderate certainty). Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment (2017) · Cochrane All outcomes | MD -24.27 [-31.44, -17.11] | 9 studies · 535 participants | Moderate |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes | 2017-06-19 | Not listed | Not assessed |
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.