Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

29 questions · 30 findings · 4 reviews

No studies found 8 · 26.7%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 8 · 26.7%Low 11 · 36.7%Moderate 2 · 6.7%High 1 · 3.3%

Incentives vs no incentives

Smoking cessation in mixed populations ‐ Longest · s

Incentives leads to higher smoking cessation in mixed populations ‐ Longest compared with no incentives (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Incentives vs no incentives

Smoking cessation in pregnancy at longest · Pregnant women who smoke

Incentives probably leads to higher smoking cessation in pregnancy at longest compared with no incentives (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (BCG) · children under 5 years of age

It is very uncertain whether monetary incentives changes proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (BCG) compared with routine care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (measles/MMR) ‐ household monetary incentivef · children under 5 years of age

It is very uncertain whether monetary incentives changes proportion of children who received the vaccine under study… compared with routine care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (MMR) ‐ service‐level monetary incentiveg · children under 5 years of age

It is very uncertain whether monetary incentives changes proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (MMR) ‐… compared with routine care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (MMR) ‐ household + service‐level monetary incentive · children under 5 years of age

It is very uncertain whether monetary incentives changes proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (MMR) ‐… compared with routine care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all scheduled vaccines · children under 5 years of age

It is very uncertain whether monetary incentives changes proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all… compared with routine care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age · children under 5 years of age

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age… compared with routine care (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 2 years of age (phone call/SMS only) · children under 5 years of age

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 2… compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review