Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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46 questions · 46 findings · 9 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 7 · 15.2%GRADE not reported 2 · 4.3%Very low 11 · 23.9%Low 16 · 34.8%Moderate 10 · 21.7%High 0 · 0%

Intermittent phototherapy vs continuous phototherapy

Rate of decline of serum bilirubin (micromol/L/hr) · neonatal jaundice

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent phototherapy versus continuous phototherapy for neonatal jaundice 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 1225 participants
Low

Intermittent phototherapy vs continuous phototherapy

Bilirubin‐induced brain dysfunction (defined as either the pathological finding of deep‐yellow staining of neurons and neuronal necrosis of the basal ganglia and brainstem nuclei or acute or chronic neurological deficit including athetoid cerebral... · neonatal jaundice

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent phototherapy versus continuous phototherapy for neonatal jaundice 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Intermittent phototherapy vs continuous phototherapy

Treatment failure (need to restart phototherapy or exchange transfusion or both) · neonatal jaundice

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent phototherapy versus continuous phototherapy for neonatal jaundice 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 75 participants
Very low

Intermittent phototherapy vs continuous phototherapy

Mortality (all cause) · neonatal jaundice

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent phototherapy versus continuous phototherapy for neonatal jaundice 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 1470 participants
Low

NIPPV vs NCPAP

Respiratory failure post extubation · preterm neonates after extubation

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) probably leads to lower respiratory failure postextubation compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.67, 0.84]
19 studies · 2738 participants
Moderate

NIPPV vs NCPAP

Reintubation · preterm neonates after extubation

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) probably leads to lower endotracheal reintubation compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.7, 0.87]
17 studies · 2608 participants
Moderate

NIPPV vs NCPAP

Gastrointestinal perforation · preterm neonates after extubation

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) showed no clear difference in gastrointestinal perforation compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.58, 1.38]
8 studies · 1478 participants
Low

NIPPV vs NCPAP

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm neonates after extubation

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) showed no clear difference in necrotising enterocolitis compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.65, 1.15]
10 studies · 2069 participants
Moderate

NIPPV vs NCPAP

Chronic lung disease · preterm neonates after extubation

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease (oxygen supplementation at 36 weeks) compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.84, 1.05]
9 studies · 2001 participants
Moderate

NIPPV vs NCPAP

Pulmonary air leak · preterm neonates after extubation

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) may leads to lower pulmonary air leak compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.57 [0.37, 0.87]
13 studies · 2404 participants
Low

NIPPV vs NCPAP

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm neonates after extubation

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) showed no clear difference in mortality (defined as death before discharge) compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.61, 1.07]
11 studies · 2258 participants
Low

NIPPV vs NCPAP

Respiratory failure · )

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) probably leads to lower respiratory failure compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (by population) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus early nasal continuous positive airway pressure… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.65 [0.54, 0.78]
17 studies · 1958 participants
Moderate

NIPPV vs NCPAP

Need for endotracheal tube ventilation · )

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) probably leads to lower need for endotracheal tube ventilation compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (by population) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus early nasal continuous positive airway pressure… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.67 [0.56, 0.81]
16 studies · 1848 participants
Moderate

NIPPV vs NCPAP

Death during study period · )

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) showed no clear difference in mortality during study period compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (by population) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus early nasal continuous positive airway pressure… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.62, 1.1]
17 studies · 1958 participants
Low

NIPPV vs NCPAP

Chronic lung disease · )

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) may leads to lower chronic lung disease compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (by population) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus early nasal continuous positive airway pressure… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.7 [0.52, 0.92]
12 studies · 1284 participants
Low

NIPPV vs NCPAP

Pneumothorax · )

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) showed no clear difference in pneumothorax compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (by population) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus early nasal continuous positive airway pressure… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.6, 1.41]
16 studies · 1674 participants
Low

NIPPV vs NCPAP

Severe (grade 3 or greater) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on cranial ultrasound ‐ not reported · )

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) showed no clear difference in severe intraventricular hemorrhage (grade III/IV) compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (by population) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus early nasal continuous positive airway pressure… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.53, 1.79]
8 studies · 977 participants
Low

Salbutamol vs placebo/no treatment

Duration of respiratory support (intermittent positive pressure ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure; hours). · patients with the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn

1 finding from 1 review

Salbutamol for transient tachypnea of the newborn 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 228 participants
Very low

Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Failure of treatment ‐ death or intermittent positive‐pressure ventilation (IPPV) before hospital discharge · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Continuous vs intermittent bolus (nasogastric and orogastric tube) milk feeding ‐ all preterm infants less than 1500 grams

Age at full enteral feedings (days) · preterm infants less than 1500 grams

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for preterm infants less than 1500 grams 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 628 participants
Low