What do systematic reviews say?

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

• Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.16, 7.1]
  1 study · 54 participants
  Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in sepsis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

• Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.26, 2.86]
  1 study · 54 participants
  Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in mortality (all infants): 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

• Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.13 [0.6, 7.51]
  1 study · 65 participants
  Low

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

Vitamin D (higher dose) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame:… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) (low certainty).

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [1, 1.35]
  6 studies · 554 participants
  Low

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

Vitamin D (higher dose) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalcaemia As defined by trialists Time frame:… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) (low certainty).

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.39 [0.89, 2.18]
  5 studies · 986 participants
  Low

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 283 participants
  Very low

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

• Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 105 participants
  Low

Higher paternal education vs Lower paternal education

Higher paternal education was associated with lower DMFT.

• Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. 2021 All outcomes

  Overall
  Regression coefficient -0.35 [-0.53, -0.17]
  1 study · 803 participants
  GRADE not reported

Higher waist circumference vs Lower waist circumference

Waist circumference was not significantly associated with childhood dental caries (pooled OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.30; I2=47.7%); ungraded.

• Childhood obesity in relation to risk of dental caries: a cumulative and dose-response systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Dental examinations of children; 15 countries across Europe, Asia, the Americas and Oceania
  OR 1.08 [0.90, 1.30]
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Higher‐dose anticoagulants vs lower‐dose anticoagulants

Higher‐dose anticoagulants showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with lower‐dose anticoagulants (high certainty).

• Anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID‐19: a rapid review 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.92, 1.16]
  4 studies · 4489 participants
  High

Higher‐dose anticoagulants vs lower‐dose anticoagulants

It is very uncertain whether higher‐dose anticoagulants changes necessity for additional respiratory support compared with lower‐dose anticoagulants (very low certainty).

• Anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID‐19: a rapid review 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.54 [0.12, 2.47]
  3 studies · 3407 participants
  Very low

Higher‐dose anticoagulants vs lower‐dose anticoagulants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID‐19: a rapid review 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Higher‐dose anticoagulants vs lower‐dose anticoagulants

Higher‐dose anticoagulants showed no clear difference in deep vein thrombosis compared with lower‐dose anticoagulants (low certainty).

• Anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID‐19: a rapid review 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.57, 2.03]
  4 studies · 3422 participants
  Low

Higher‐dose anticoagulants vs lower‐dose anticoagulants

Higher‐dose anticoagulants probably leads to lower pulmonary embolism compared with lower‐dose anticoagulants (moderate certainty).

• Anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID‐19: a rapid review 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.46 [0.31, 0.7]
  4 studies · 4360 participants
  Moderate

Higher‐dose anticoagulants vs lower‐dose anticoagulants

Higher‐dose anticoagulants probably leads to higher major bleeding compared with lower‐dose anticoagulants (moderate certainty).

• Anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID‐19: a rapid review 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.78 [1.13, 2.8]
  4 studies · 4400 participants
  Moderate

Higher‐dose anticoagulants vs lower‐dose anticoagulants

Higher‐dose anticoagulants leads to higher adverse events (minor bleeding) compared with lower‐dose anticoagulants (high certainty).

• Anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID‐19: a rapid review 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.28 [1.75, 6.14]
  3 studies · 1196 participants
  High

Prevention of eclampsia: higher vs lower IV maintenance regimen

• Alternative magnesium sulphate regimens for women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 148 participants
  Very low