Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

240 questions · 263 findings · 36 reviews

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No studies found 18 · 6.8%GRADE not reported 92 · 35%Very low 68 · 25.9%Low 59 · 22.4%Moderate 21 · 8%High 5 · 1.9%

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Bleeding complications: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in bleeding complications: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.12 [0.01, 2.11]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Intraventricular hemorrhage > Grade II: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in intraventricular hemorrhage > Grade II: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.36 [0.04, 3.24]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Presence of PIVKA II at day 5: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in presence of PIVKA II at day 5: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.36 [0.24, 7.57]
1 study · 61 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Presence of PIVKA II at day 25: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in presence of PIVKA II at day 25: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.06, 14.6]
1 study · 53 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Necrotizing enterocolitis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.16, 7.1]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Sepsis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in sepsis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.26, 2.86]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Mortality (all infants): 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in mortality (all infants): 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.13 [0.6, 7.51]
1 study · 65 participants
Low

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

Stuntingc · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

Adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame: 3 months · children under 5 years of age

Vitamin D (higher dose) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame:… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.16 [1, 1.35]
6 studies · 554 participants
Low

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

Hypercalcaemia · children under 5 years of age

Vitamin D (higher dose) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalcaemia As defined by trialists Time frame:… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.39 [0.89, 2.18]
5 studies · 986 participants
Low

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

Adverse effect: hyperphosphataemiac · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

Adverse effect: kidney stonesb · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

Linear growth (length/height) Unit: cm Time frame: 3 months · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 283 participants
Very low

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

Mean height‐for‐age z‐score · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 105 participants
Low

Higher paternal education vs Lower paternal education

Dental caries · School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah

Higher paternal education was associated with lower DMFT.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. 2021 All outcomes
Overall
Regression coefficient -0.35 [-0.53, -0.17]
1 study · 803 participants
GRADE not reported

Higher waist circumference vs Lower waist circumference

Dental caries in children · Children (approx. 4-18 years)

Waist circumference was not significantly associated with childhood dental caries (pooled OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.30; I2=47.7%); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Childhood obesity in relation to risk of dental caries: a cumulative and dose-response systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes
Dental examinations of children; 15 countries across Europe, Asia, the Americas and Oceania
OR 1.08 [0.90, 1.30]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Higher‐dose anticoagulants vs lower‐dose anticoagulants

All‐cause mortality · people hospitalised with COVID‐19

Higher‐dose anticoagulants showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with lower‐dose anticoagulants (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID‐19: a rapid review 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.92, 1.16]
4 studies · 4489 participants
High

Higher‐dose anticoagulants vs lower‐dose anticoagulants

Necessity for additional respiratory support · people hospitalised with COVID‐19

It is very uncertain whether higher‐dose anticoagulants changes necessity for additional respiratory support compared with lower‐dose anticoagulants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID‐19: a rapid review 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.54 [0.12, 2.47]
3 studies · 3407 participants
Very low

Higher‐dose anticoagulants vs lower‐dose anticoagulants

Mortality related to COVID‐19 · people hospitalised with COVID‐19

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID‐19: a rapid review 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Higher‐dose anticoagulants vs lower‐dose anticoagulants

Deep vein thrombosis · people hospitalised with COVID‐19

Higher‐dose anticoagulants showed no clear difference in deep vein thrombosis compared with lower‐dose anticoagulants (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID‐19: a rapid review 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.57, 2.03]
4 studies · 3422 participants
Low