Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

49 questions · 64 findings · 12 reviews · All outcomes

No studies found 1 · 1.6%GRADE not reported 54 · 84.4%Very low 3 · 4.7%Low 4 · 6.3%Moderate 2 · 3.1%High 0 · 0%

Early childhood caries / severe early childhood caries vs Caries-free controls

Change in height-for-age z score · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)

The association between baseline caries and declining height-for-age persisted after adjustment (coefficient -0.02); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Early childhood caries / severe early childhood caries vs Caries-free controls

Stunting · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)

One Nepalese cross-sectional study found caries severity significantly correlated with chronic malnutrition/stunting (HAZ; p<0.0001), especially in rural children; ungraded, no effect size reported.

3 findings from 1 review

Early childhood caries / severe early childhood caries vs Caries-free controls

Risk of malnutrition (younger children, 6 months to 6 years) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)

One Nepalese cross-sectional study found no significant association between severe ECC and malnutrition risk in children under 6 (mean difference 0.13, p=0.609); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Early childhood caries (ECC) vs Caries-free controls

Relative abundance of Veillonella spp. · Young children with early childhood caries and caries-free controls

Veillonella spp. mean relative abundance was higher in ECC children, without a comparative effect estimate or CI.

4 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews
Show 1 more finding

Early childhood caries (ECC) vs Caries-free controls

Number of detected salivary bacterial genera · Young children with early childhood caries and caries-free controls

Fewer salivary bacterial genera were reported in the caries-affected group, without a comparative effect estimate or CI.

1 finding from 1 review

Early childhood caries (ECC) vs Caries-free controls

Relative abundance of dominant salivary microbial community (7 genera) · Young children with early childhood caries and caries-free controls

The reported multi-genus community had similar relative abundance in caries-affected and caries-free children, without a comparative effect estimate or CI.

1 finding from 1 review

Early childhood caries (ECC) vs Caries-free controls

Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella spp. levels · Young children with early childhood caries and caries-free controls

Veillonella spp. levels were reported as substantially greater in caries subjects, but the review gave no numerical effect estimate or CI.

1 finding from 1 review

Early childhood caries (ECC) vs NA (within-white-spot-lesion correlation, not a caries vs caries-free comparison)

Correlation of Veillonella spp. with acidogenic streptococci · Young children with early childhood caries and caries-free controls

Veillonella spp. levels were correlated with acidogenic streptococci in white spot lesions (r²=0.38); no CI was reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Severe early childhood caries vs Caries-free controls

Relative abundance of Veillonella spp. · Children under 6 years with severe early childhood caries and caries-free controls

Veillonella spp. mean relative abundance was lower in the S-ECC group; no comparative effect estimate or CI was reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Severe early childhood caries vs Caries-free controls

Relative abundance of S. mutans in saliva · Children under 6 years with severe early childhood caries and caries-free controls

S. mutans median relative abundance was higher in the S-ECC group, without a comparative effect estimate or CI.

1 finding from 1 review

Severe early childhood caries vs Caries-free controls

Streptococcus relative abundance · Children under 6 years with severe early childhood caries and caries-free controls

Streptococcus mean relative abundance was slightly higher in the S-ECC group; no comparative effect estimate or CI was reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Severe early childhood caries vs Caries-free controls

Veillonella spp. and Streptococcus mutans interaction · Children under 6 years with severe early childhood caries and caries-free controls

The study reported a possible role for Veillonella spp. in supporting cariogenic species, without a quantitative effect estimate.

1 finding from 1 review

Severe early childhood caries vs Caries-free controls

Veillonella dispar relative abundance · Children under 6 years with severe early childhood caries and caries-free controls

Veillonella dispar median relative abundance was higher in the S-ECC group, without a comparative effect estimate or CI.

1 finding from 1 review

38% SDF solution (applied biannually) vs 38% SDF solution (applied annually)

Caries arrest · Children with dentine carious lesions (ICDAS 4-5) in primary teeth

Twice-yearly 38% SDF was reported to arrest more caries than once-yearly application (24-month rates 91% vs 79%; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment (two-phase) with headgear vs Early treatment (two-phase) with functional appliance

Incidence of incisal trauma · Children (7 to 11 years) and adolescents (12 to 16 years) with prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion)

Early treatment (two-phase) with headgear showed no clear difference in incidence of incisal trauma compared with early treatment (two-phase) with functional appliance; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Early treatment (two-phase) with headgear vs Early treatment (two-phase) with functional appliance

Final ANB · Children (7 to 11 years) and adolescents (12 to 16 years) with prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion)

Early treatment (two-phase) with headgear showed no clear difference in final ANB compared with early treatment (two-phase) with functional appliance; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Early treatment (two-phase) with headgear vs Early treatment (two-phase) with functional appliance

PAR score · Children (7 to 11 years) and adolescents (12 to 16 years) with prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion)

Early treatment (two-phase) with headgear showed no clear difference in PAR score compared with early treatment (two-phase) with functional appliance; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review