Gap finder

Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

15,213 questions in 2,394 reviews

current versions
No studies 15,213 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Rho kinase inhibitor vs prostaglandin analog
Patient‐reported outcome at the longest · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor vs prostaglandin analog
Mean change in the number of glaucoma medications at the longest · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor vs prostaglandin analog
Need for additional treatment at the longest · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor and prostaglandin analog vs prostaglandin analoga
Glaucoma progression at 12 months, measured by additional visual field defects · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor and prostaglandin analog vs prostaglandin analoga
Glaucoma progression at 12 months, defined by anatomic (structural) criteriab · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor and prostaglandin analog vs prostaglandin analoga
Patient‐reported outcome at the longest · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor and prostaglandin analog vs prostaglandin analoga
Mean change in the number of glaucoma medications at the longest · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor and prostaglandin analog vs prostaglandin analoga
Need for additional treatment at the longest · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor and prostaglandin analog vs rho kinase inhibitor
Glaucoma progression at 12 months, measured by additional visual field defects · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor vs placeboa
Glaucoma progression at 12 months, defined by anatomic (structural) criteriad · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor and prostaglandin analog vs rho kinase inhibitor
Glaucoma progression at 12 months, defined by anatomic (structural) criteriab · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor and prostaglandin analog vs rho kinase inhibitor
Patient‐reported outcome at the longest · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor and prostaglandin analog vs rho kinase inhibitor
Mean change in the number of glaucoma medications at the longest · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor and prostaglandin analog vs rho kinase inhibitor
Need for additional treatment at the longest · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor and beta‐blocker vs beta‐blocker
Glaucoma progression at 12 months, measured by additional visual field defects · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor and beta‐blocker vs beta‐blocker
Glaucoma progression at 12 months, defined by anatomic (structural) criteriab · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor and beta‐blocker vs beta‐blocker
Patient‐reported outcome at the longest · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor vs placeboa
Patient‐reported outcome at the longest · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor and beta‐blocker vs beta‐blocker
Mean change in the number of glaucoma medications at the longest · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor and beta‐blocker vs beta‐blocker
Need for additional treatment at the longest · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor vs placeboa
Mean change in the number of glaucoma medications at the longest · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor vs placeboa
Need for additional treatment at the longest · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor vs beta‐blocker
Glaucoma progression at 12 months, measured by additional visual field defects · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening vs no LDCT screening
 · healthy adults
Impact of low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening on lung cancer‐related mortality (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being vs usual centralised and hierarchical leadership
Professional practice · healthcare professionals
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being vs usual centralised and hierarchical leadership
Health care outcomes · healthcare professionals
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being vs usual centralised and hierarchical leadership
Staff well‐being · healthcare professionals
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being vs usual centralised and hierarchical leadership
Unintended consequences · healthcare professionals
Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well‐being (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications vs placebo
Number of vomiting episodes · adults receiving intravenous opioids
Prophylactic antiemetics for adults receiving intravenous opioids in the acute care setting (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin vs no intervention
Generic quality of life · adults with olfactory dysfunction for ≥ 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection
Interventions for the treatment of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin vs no intervention
Presence of parosmia · adults with olfactory dysfunction for ≥ 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection
Interventions for the treatment of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Systemic corticosteroids plus intranasal steroid/mucolytic/decongestant vs no intervention
Disease‐related quality of life · adults with olfactory dysfunction for ≥ 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection
Interventions for the treatment of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Systemic corticosteroids plus intranasal steroid/mucolytic/decongestant vs no intervention
Generic quality of life · adults with olfactory dysfunction for ≥ 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection
Interventions for the treatment of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Systemic corticosteroids plus intranasal steroid/mucolytic/decongestant vs no intervention
Presence of parosmia · adults with olfactory dysfunction for ≥ 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection
Interventions for the treatment of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin vs no intervention
Disease‐related quality of life · adults with olfactory dysfunction for ≥ 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection
Interventions for the treatment of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo
Serious adverse effects · participants with olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 for ≤ 15 days
Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo
Change in sense of smell · participants with olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 for ≤ 15 days
Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo
Prevalence of parosmia · participants with olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 for ≤ 15 days
Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo
Change in sense of taste · participants with olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 for ≤ 15 days
Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo
Disease‐related quality of life · participants with olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 for ≤ 15 days
Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo
Other adverse effects · participants with olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 for ≤ 15 days
Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intranasal steroid spray vs no intervention/placebo
Prevalence of parosmia · people with olfactory dysfunction for less than 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection
Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intranasal steroid spray vs no intervention/placebo
Change in sense of taste · people with olfactory dysfunction for less than 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection
Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intranasal steroid spray vs no intervention/placebo
Disease‐related quality of life · people with olfactory dysfunction for less than 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection
Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Synbiotics vs control
Neurodevelopmental impairment (assessed beyond infancy) · very preterm or very low birth weight infants
Synbiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Synbiotics vs placebo
Frequency of defecation (number of stools/week at end of study) · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation
Probiotics for treatment of chronic constipation in children (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Continuation vs reduction of polypharmacy
Quality of life: clinically important change ‐ not reported · people with schizophrenia
Antipsychotic polypharmacy reduction versus polypharmacy continuation for people with schizophrenia (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Summary of findings table ‐ Continuation vs reduction of polypharmacy
Global state: relapse/exacerbations of psychosis ‐ not reported · people with schizophrenia
Antipsychotic polypharmacy reduction versus polypharmacy continuation for people with schizophrenia (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Cervical pessary vs vaginal progesterone
Birthweight · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency
Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Cervical pessary vs cervical cerclage
Neonatal/paediatric care unit admission · women with singleton pregnancies at risk of cervical insufficiency
Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies