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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
361 questions in 74 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care
current versionsNo studies 361 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) vs sham Disability (0 to < 1 week postintervention) measured using self‐reported disability/pain interference scales · adults with chronic pain Non‐invasive brain stimulation techniques for chronic pain (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Incidence of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Incidence of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP combination… Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR 2c. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against pertussis (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP combination… Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Incidence of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR 2c. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against pertussis (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR 4a. Procedural crying (during and immediately after the vaccination procedure) (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR 2c. Adequate immune response (seroprotection) against pertussis (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Pain (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR 4a. Procedural crying (during and immediately after the vaccination procedure) (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine Needle size for vaccination procedures in children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Botulinum toxin type A vs other established prophylactic agent Number of migraine attacks per month · adults with migraine Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR The ability of OWSC, when seen to reach the colon on · Adults 18 yrs and over with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) as defined by the International Conference on MBO, with… Oral water soluble contrast for malignant bowel obstruction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR The rate of resolution of MBO with medical management only in patients receiving OWSC compared with those not receiving it (therapeutic). · Adults 18 yrs and over with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) as defined by the International Conference on MBO, with… Oral water soluble contrast for malignant bowel obstruction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Length of hospital stay. · Adults 18 yrs and over with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) as defined by the International Conference on MBO, with… Oral water soluble contrast for malignant bowel obstruction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Time from administration of OWSC to resolution of MBO. · Adults 18 yrs and over with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) as defined by the International Conference on MBO, with… Oral water soluble contrast for malignant bowel obstruction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Survival time from onset of inoperable MBO until death. · Adults 18 yrs and over with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) as defined by the International Conference on MBO, with… Oral water soluble contrast for malignant bowel obstruction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Olanzapine vs NK1 antagonist Participant satisfaction · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Olanzapine vs NK1 antagonist Quality of life · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Olanzapine vs NK1 antagonist Patient Global Impression of Change · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Olanzapine vs NK1 antagonist Other adverse events · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Olanzapine vs placebo/no treatment Quality of life · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Olanzapine vs placebo/no treatment Patient Global Impression of Change · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Olanzapine vs NK1 antagonist No nausea or vomiting over trial period · adults with cancer Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer‐related nausea and vomiting in adults (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High‐concentration (8%) capsaicin patch vs control patch (0.4%) Substantial benefit · adults with postherpetic neuralgia Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Number of participants with self‐reported pain intensity reduction of at least 50% from baseline · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Time to extubation · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Number of participants with self‐reported pain intensity reduction of at least 50% from baseline · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Number of participants below 30/100 mm on the visual analogue scale (VAS) in self‐reported postoperative pain intensity · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Analgesic use measured via PCA · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Time to extubation · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Mobility · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Number of participants with self‐reported pain intensity reduction of at least 50% from baseline · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Number of participants below 30/100 mm on the visual analogue scale (VAS) in self‐reported postoperative pain intensity · adults undergoing open heart surgery Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: liposomal bupivacaine vs bupivacaine hydrochloride Time to first postoperative opioid dose over initial 72 hours · aged 18 years and older undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site Liposomal bupivacaine infiltration at the surgical site for the management of postoperative pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: liposomal bupivacaine vs placebo Mean pain score at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours following surgery (NRS 0 to 10) · aged 18 years and older undergoing elective surgery at any surgical site Liposomal bupivacaine infiltration at the surgical site for the management of postoperative pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TENS vs sham TENS Health related quality of life · adults with neuropathic pain Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TENS vs sham TENS Participant global impression of change · adults with neuropathic pain Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TENS vs sham TENS Analgesic medication use · adults with neuropathic pain Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
TENS vs sham TENS Incidence/nature of adverse events · adults with neuropathic pain Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dexamethasone vs placebo Number of vomiting episodes · participants with advanced cancer who have nausea and vomiting not related to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery Corticosteroids for adult patients with advanced cancer who have nausea and vomiting (not related to… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dexamethasone vs placebo Adverse events · participants with advanced cancer who have nausea and vomiting not related to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery Corticosteroids for adult patients with advanced cancer who have nausea and vomiting (not related to… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dexamethasone vs placebo Quality of life · participants with advanced cancer who have nausea and vomiting not related to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery Corticosteroids for adult patients with advanced cancer who have nausea and vomiting (not related to… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dexamethasone vs placebo Patient satisfaction · participants with advanced cancer who have nausea and vomiting not related to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery Corticosteroids for adult patients with advanced cancer who have nausea and vomiting (not related to… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events · patients with incurable cancer receiving cancer treatment with palliative intent Psychosocial interventions for fatigue during cancer treatment with palliative intent (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CBT with biofeedback ± physical exercise vs waiting list control Adverse effects, including dropout and attrition · adult torture survivors with chronic pain Interventions for treating persistent pain in survivors of torture (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CBT with biofeedback ± physical exercise vs waiting list control Reduced use of analgesics · adult torture survivors with chronic pain Interventions for treating persistent pain in survivors of torture (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CBT with biofeedback ± physical exercise vs waiting list control Quality of life · adult torture survivors with chronic pain Interventions for treating persistent pain in survivors of torture (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CBT with biofeedback ± physical exercise vs waiting list control Global improvement, satisfaction · adult torture survivors with chronic pain Interventions for treating persistent pain in survivors of torture (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs other active therapy Participant‐reported pain relief · adults with neuropathic pain Acupuncture for neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |