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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
15,213 questions in 2,394 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined hormonal contraception (estrogen plus progestin) vs no contraception Acute respiratory distress syndrome ‐ not measured · COVID‐19 positive patients Risk of thromboembolism in patients with COVID‐19 who are using hormonal contraception (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any type of hormonal contraception (estrogen plus progestin or progestin‐only) vs no contraception Mortality ‐ not measured · COVID‐19 positive patients Risk of thromboembolism in patients with COVID‐19 who are using hormonal contraception (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis‐based medicines vs placebo medication Proportion of participants reporting no worse than mild pain by 14 days after start of treatment · adults with cancer pain Cannabis‐based medicines and medical cannabis for adults with cancer pain (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Remdesivir and standard care vs standard care (plus/minus placebo) Quality of life · non‐hospitalised adults with mild COVID‐19 Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Phenobarbital vs levetiracetam Mortality or neurodevelopment disability at 18 to 24 months' corrected age ‐ not reported · clinically diagnosed neonatal seizures Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Phenobarbital vs phenytoin Proportion of infants who achieve seizure control after the first loading dose of ASM ‐ not reported · neonates with EEG‐confirmed seizures Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Phenobarbital vs phenytoin Mortality or neurodevelopmental disability at 18 to 24 months' corrected age ‐ not reported · neonates with EEG‐confirmed seizures Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Phenobarbital vs phenytoin Proportion of infants who achieve seizure control after maximal loading dose ‐ not reported · neonates with clinically diagnosed seizures Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Phenobarbital vs phenytoin Mortality or neurodevelopmental disability at 18 to 24 months' corrected age ‐ not reported · neonates with clinically diagnosed seizures Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Phenobarbital vs Lorazepam Proportion of infants who achieve seizure control after the maximal loading dose of ASM ‐ not reported · Neonates with clinically diagnosed seizures Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Phenobarbital vs Lorazepam Mortality or neurodevelopmental disability at 18 to 24 months' corrected age ‐ not reported · Neonates with clinically diagnosed seizures Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Phenobarbital vs levetiracetam Mortality or neurodevelopment disability at 18 to 24 months' corrected age ‐ not reported · neonates with EEG‐confirmed seizures Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Phenytoin vs lorazepam Proportion of infants who achieve seizure control after the maximal loading dose of ASM ‐ not reported · neonates with clinically diagnosed seizures Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Phenytoin vs lorazepam Mortality or neurodevelopmental disability at 18 to 24 months' corrected age ‐ not reported · neonates with clinically diagnosed seizures Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Phenobarbital + bumetanide vs phenobarbital alone Proportion of infants who achieve seizure control after the maximal loading dose of the ASM ‐ not reported · neonates with EEG‐confirmed seizures Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Phenobarbital + bumetanide vs phenobarbital alone Mortality or neurodevelopmental disability at 18 to 24 months' corrected age ‐ not reported · neonates with EEG‐confirmed seizures Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Lignocaine vs benzodiazepines Proportion of infants who achieve seizure control after first loading dose of ASM ‐ not reported · neonates with EEG‐confirmed seizures Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Maintenance ASM vs no maintenance ASM after achieving seizure control Mortality or neurodevelopmental disability at 18 to 24 months' corrected age ‐ not reported · neonates with clinically diagnosed seizures Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Treatment of clinical and electrographic seizures vs treatment of clinical seizures alone Mortality or neurodevelopmental disability at 18 to 24 months' corrected age ‐ not reported · neonates Anti‐seizure medications for neonates with seizures (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
'As needed' administration (e.g. based on pain scales) vs 'as scheduled' administration (e.g. a predefined time interval) Major neurodevelopmental disability in children aged 18 to 24 months or three to five years old ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in neonates Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
'As needed' administration (e.g. based on pain scales) vs 'as scheduled' administration (e.g. a predefined time interval) Cognitive and educational outcomes in children more than five years old ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in neonates Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
'As needed' administration (e.g. based on pain scales) vs 'as scheduled' administration (e.g. a predefined time interval) Severe (defined as stage 3 or greater) retinopathy of prematurity ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in neonates Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
'As needed' administration (e.g. based on pain scales) vs 'as scheduled' administration (e.g. a predefined time interval) Severe (grade 3 or greater) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on cranial ultrasound ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in neonates Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous infusion vs bolus administration All‐cause mortality during initial hospitalization ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in neonates Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous infusion vs bolus administration Major neurodevelopmental disability in children aged 18 to 24 months or three to five years old ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in neonates Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous infusion vs bolus administration Cognitive and educational outcomes in children more than five years old ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in neonates Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous infusion vs bolus administration Severe (defined as stage 3 or greater) retinopathy of prematurity ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in neonates Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous infusion vs bolus administration Severe (grade 3 or greater) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on cranial ultrasound ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in neonates Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
'As needed' administration (e.g. based on pain scales) vs 'as scheduled' administration (e.g. a predefined time interval) Pain · postoperative pain in neonates Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
'As needed' administration (e.g. based on pain scales) vs 'as scheduled' administration (e.g. a predefined time interval) All‐cause mortality during initial hospitalization ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in neonates Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Mean change in BCVA from baseline · people with large macular hole Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane flap versus pars plana vitrectomy with conventional… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Speed of visual acuity improvement · people with large macular hole Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane flap versus pars plana vitrectomy with conventional… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs no treatment/placebo Parent satisfaction with care provided in the NICU (as measured by a validated instrument/tool)—not reported · neonates exposed to procedural pain Opioids for procedural pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs oral sweet solution or non‐pharmacological intervention Any harms · neonates exposed to procedural pain Opioids for procedural pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs oral sweet solution or non‐pharmacological intervention Episodes of bradycardia—not reported · neonates exposed to procedural pain Opioids for procedural pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs oral sweet solution or non‐pharmacological intervention Episodes of apnea—not reported · neonates exposed to procedural pain Opioids for procedural pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs oral sweet solution or non‐pharmacological intervention Hypotension—not reported · neonates exposed to procedural pain Opioids for procedural pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs oral sweet solution or non‐pharmacological intervention Parent satisfaction with care provided in the NICU—not reported · neonates exposed to procedural pain Opioids for procedural pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs other analgesics Any harms · procedural pain in neonates Opioids for procedural pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs other analgesics Episodes of bradycardia—not reported · procedural pain in neonates Opioids for procedural pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs other analgesics Parent satisfaction with care provided in the NICU—not reported · procedural pain in neonates Opioids for procedural pain in neonates (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life up to longest · non‐hospitalised adults with mild COVID‐19 Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of adults with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events during study treatment · non‐hospitalised adults with mild COVID‐19 Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of adults with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events during study treatment · hospitalised adults with COVID‐19 (moderate to severe disease) Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of adults with COVID‐19 (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Diclofenac vs placebo Outcome№ of participants(studies) · children with acute postoperative pain Diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Diclofenac vs opioids Serious adverse events during study period (not reported) · children with acute postoperative pain Diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Diclofenac vs paracetamol Outcome№ of participants(studies) · children with acute postoperative pain Diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Diclofenac vs bupivacaine Outcome№ of participants(studies) · children with acute postoperative pain Diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Diclofenac vs placebo Serious adverse events during study period (not reported) · children with acute postoperative pain Diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Diclofenac vs opioids Outcome№ of participants(studies) · children with acute postoperative pain Diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |