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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
293 questions in 51 reviews · ENT
current versionsNo studies 293 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Systemic antibiotics vs no treatment or placebo on top of topical antiseptics Health‐related quality of life · schoolchildren with CSOM Systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic antibiotics vs no treatment or placebo on top of topical antiseptics Ear pain (otalgia) or discomfort or local irritation · schoolchildren with CSOM Systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic antibiotics vs no treatment or placebo on top of topical antiseptics Serious complications · schoolchildren with CSOM Systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic antibiotics vs no treatment/placebo Health‐related quality of life · children with CSOM Systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic antibiotics vs no treatment/placebo Ear pain (otalgia) or discomfort or local irritation · children with CSOM Systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic antibiotics vs no treatment/placebo Suspected ototoxicity · children with CSOM Systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic antibiotics vs no treatment or placebo on top of topical antibiotics Resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured after 4 weeks · people (of any age) with CSOM Systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical quinolone vs intramuscular gentamicin Health‐related quality of life · adults with CSOM Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical quinolone vs oral amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid combination Resolution of ear discharge after 4 weeks · adults with CSOM Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical quinolone vs oral amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid combination Health‐related quality of life · adults with CSOM Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical quinolone vs oral quinolone Resolution of ear discharge ‐ after 4 weeks · people (of any age) with CSOM Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical quinolone vs oral amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid combination Serious complications · adults with CSOM Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical quinolone vs oral quinolone Health‐related quality of life · people (of any age) with CSOM Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical quinolone vs oral quinolone Ear pain (otalgia) or discomfort or local irritation · people (of any age) with CSOM Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical quinolone vs oral quinolone Hearing · people (of any age) with CSOM Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical quinolone vs oral quinolone Serious complications · people (of any age) with CSOM Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical quinolone vs intramuscular gentamicin Resolution of ear discharge at 1 to 2 weeks · adults with CSOM Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical quinolone vs intramuscular gentamicin Resolution of ear discharge after 4 weeks · adults with CSOM Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Anti‐IgE mAb (omalizumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids) Disease severity, as measured by validated, patient‐reported symptom score · patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to the patient or HCW before and/or after an AGP vs No treatment or saline or water Other adverse events: changes in microbiome in oral cavity, nasal cavity, oro- or nasopharynx · Patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and the… Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays to protect healthcare workers when undertaking… (2020) · Cochrane | No data available (no included studies) | NR | No studies |
Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to the patient or HCW before and/or after an AGP vs No treatment or saline or water Other adverse events: allergy, irritation/burning of nasal, oral or oropharyngeal mucosa (e.g. erosions, ulcers, bleeding), long-term staining of mucous membranes or teeth, accidental ingestion · Patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and the… Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays to protect healthcare workers when undertaking… (2020) · Cochrane | No data available (no included studies) | NR | No studies |
Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water Anosmia (or disturbance in sense of smell) · Healthcare workers (HCWs) treating patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection · Minimum 2 weeks Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when… (2020) · Cochrane | No data available (no included studies) | 0 studies | No studies |
Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water Viral content of aerosol · Healthcare workers (HCWs) treating patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when… (2020) · Cochrane | No data available (no included studies) | 0 studies | No studies |
Antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), any concentration, frequency or dosage vs No treatment, saline, or water COVID-19 viral content of aerosol (when present) · Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays administered to patients with suspected or confirmed… (2020) · Cochrane | No data available (no included studies) | 0 studies | No studies |
Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to the patient or HCW before and/or after an AGP vs No treatment or saline or water Change in COVID-19 viral load at site(s) of irrigation · Patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and the… Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays to protect healthcare workers when undertaking… (2020) · Cochrane | No data available (no included studies) | NR | No studies |
Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to the patient or HCW before and/or after an AGP vs No treatment or saline or water Anosmia (or disturbance in sense of smell) · Patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and the… · Assessed at a minimum of 2 weeks Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays to protect healthcare workers when undertaking… (2020) · Cochrane | No data available (no included studies) | NR | No studies |
Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to the patient or HCW before and/or after an AGP vs No treatment or saline or water Incidence of symptomatic or test-positive COVID-19 infection in HCWs or patients · Patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and the… · Assessed at a minimum of 2 weeks Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays to protect healthcare workers when undertaking… (2020) · Cochrane | No data available (no included studies) | NR | No studies |
Antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), any concentration, frequency or dosage vs No treatment, saline, or water Other adverse events (allergy, irritation/burning of nasal, oral or oropharyngeal mucosa, long-term staining of mucous membranes or teeth, accidental ingestion) · Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays administered to patients with suspected or confirmed… (2020) · Cochrane | No data available (no included studies) | 0 studies | No studies |
Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water Changes in microbiome in oral cavity, nasal cavity, oro- or nasopharynx · Healthcare workers (HCWs) treating patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when… (2020) · Cochrane | No data available (no included studies) | 0 studies | No studies |
Antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), any concentration, frequency or dosage vs No treatment, saline, or water Incidence of symptomatic or test-positive COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers · Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection · Minimum 2 weeks Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays administered to patients with suspected or confirmed… (2020) · Cochrane | No data available (no included studies) | 0 studies | No studies |
Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water Incidence of symptomatic or test-positive COVID-19 infection in HCWs · Healthcare workers (HCWs) treating patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection · Minimum 2 weeks Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when… (2020) · Cochrane | No data available (no included studies) | 0 studies | No studies |
Antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), any concentration, frequency or dosage vs No treatment, saline, or water Anosmia (or disturbance in sense of smell) · Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection · Minimum 2 weeks Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays administered to patients with suspected or confirmed… (2020) · Cochrane | No data available (no included studies) | 0 studies | No studies |
CBT vs no intervention/waiting list control Outcomes at end of treatment · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking) Outcomes at end of treatment · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CBT vs other experimental control Outcomes at end of treatment · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CBT vs audiological care (tinnitus education and rehabilitation Outcomes at end of treatment · adults with tinnitus Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life · CSOM, recurrence of CSOM or suppuration following mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Ear pain (otalgia) or discomfort or local irritation · CSOM, recurrence of CSOM or suppuration following mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Hearing · CSOM, recurrence of CSOM or suppuration following mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Serious complications · CSOM, recurrence of CSOM or suppuration following mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Quinolones vs aminoglycosides Resolution of ear discharge ‐ Measured after 4 weeks · CSOM Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Quinolones vs aminoglycosides Health‐related quality of life · CSOM Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment Resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured after 4 weeks · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Quinolones vs aminoglycosides Serious complications · CSOM Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment Health‐related quality of life · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment Serious complications · patients with mucopurulent otorrhoea Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured after 4 weeks · CSOM, recurrence of CSOM or suppuration following mastoidectomy or tympanoplasty Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics with steroids vs placebo/no treatment Resolution of ear discharge at between 1 and up to 2 weeks · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media Topical antibiotics with steroids for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics with steroids vs topical antibiotics alone (same antibiotics) Health‐related quality of life · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media or ear discharge Topical antibiotics with steroids for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics with steroids vs topical antibiotics alone (same antibiotics) Serious complications (including intracranial complications, extracranial complications and death) · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media or ear discharge Topical antibiotics with steroids for chronic suppurative otitis media (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |