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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
166 questions in 42 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma
current versionsNo studies 166 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings: Additional exercise plus physiotherapy vs usual physiotherapy Risk of fracture · and Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Bed alarms vs usual care Risk of fracture · and Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multifactorial interventions vs exercise Number of people sustaining recurrent falls (defined as two or more falls in a specified time period) · Older people living in the communityb Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multifactorial interventions vs exercise Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the communityb Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multifactorial interventions vs exercise Number of people who experience a fall that required hospital admission · Older people living in the communityb Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multifactorial interventions vs exercise Number of people who experience a fall that required medical attention · Older people living in the communityb Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multifactorial interventions vs exercise Health‐related quality of life · Older people living in the communityb Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multifactorial interventions vs exercise Adverse effects · Older people living in the communityb Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multiple component interventions vs usual care or attention control Adverse effects · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multiple component interventions vs exercise Number of people sustaining recurrent falls (defined as two or more falls in a specified time period) · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multiple component interventions vs exercise Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multiple component interventions vs exercise Number of people who experience a fall that require medical attention · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multiple component interventions vs exercise Health‐related quality of life · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multiple component interventions vs exercise Adverse effects · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control Adverse effects · Older people living in the community Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings. Bandage vs cast Time to return to former activities · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings. Below‐elbow vs above‐elbow cast Physical function (short‐term; under 3 months) · children with either displaced distal radius fracture with intact or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture), or… Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings. Below‐elbow vs above‐elbow cast Time to return to former activities · children with either displaced distal radius fracture with intact or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture), or… Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) vs not surgery (cast only) Physical function (short‐term; under 3 months) · children with displaced distal radius fracture with intact or involved or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture) Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) vs not surgery (cast only) Time to return to former activities · children with displaced distal radius fracture with intact or involved or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture) Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) vs not surgery (cast only) Wrist pain · children with displaced distal radius fracture with intact or involved or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture) Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings. Home vs hospital‐clinic removal of casts Time to return to former activities · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fractures Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings. Removable splintage vs cast Time to return to former activities · children with stable wrist fracture, predominantly buckle (torus) fracturesa Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects (e.g. bruising) · Children with pulled elbow1 Manipulative interventions for reducing pulled elbow in young children (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Ultimate failure · Children with pulled elbow1 Manipulative interventions for reducing pulled elbow in young children (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Recurrence (within one month) · Children with pulled elbow1 Manipulative interventions for reducing pulled elbow in young children (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Local steroid injection vs placebo or no treatment control Return to previous level of activity or work · Adults with plantar heel pain¹ Injected corticosteroids for treating plantar heel pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Local steroid injection vs placebo or no treatment control Other adverse events Short‐term · Adults with plantar heel pain¹ Injected corticosteroids for treating plantar heel pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: antioxidants vs placebo Subjective recovery · mainly physically active individuals1 partaking in exercise2 designed to produce delayed onset muscle soreness Antioxidants for preventing and reducing muscle soreness after exercise (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bone marrow vs steroid injections Recurrence of bone cyst · children with simple bone cysts Interventions for treating simple bone cysts in the long bones of children (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bone marrow vs steroid injections Unacceptable malunion · children with simple bone cysts Interventions for treating simple bone cysts in the long bones of children (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One‐incision vs two‐incision techniques Quality of life(intermediate term) · adults undergoing arthroscopically assisted ACL reconstruction1 One‐incision versus two‐incision techniques for arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One‐incision vs two‐incision techniques Adverse events (overall) · adults undergoing arthroscopically assisted ACL reconstruction1 One‐incision versus two‐incision techniques for arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation vs exercise Adverse events · people with patellofemoral pain syndrome Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs same other intervention only Adverse events ‐ not measured · people with patellofemoral pain syndrome1 Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation vs exercise Knee pain (short term: < 3 months) · people with patellofemoral pain syndrome Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation vs exercise Knee pain (longer term: > 3 months) · people with patellofemoral pain syndrome Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation vs exercise Knee function (longer term: > 3 months) · people with patellofemoral pain syndrome Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multinutrient supplements (nasogastric) vs control Unfavourable outcome · Older people undergoing hip fracture aftercare Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multinutrient supplements (nasogastric) vs control Putative side effects of treatment (e.g. aspiration pneumonia) · Older people undergoing hip fracture aftercare Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life · patients with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle Conservative interventions for treating middle third clavicle fractures in adolescents and adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling Treatment failure (Number of participants who have undergone or are being considered for a surgical intervention) · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle Conservative interventions for treating middle third clavicle fractures in adolescents and adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling Adverse events ‐ total participants with adverse events · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle Conservative interventions for treating middle third clavicle fractures in adolescents and adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling Quality of life · patients (mainly young male adults) with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle Conservative interventions for treating middle third clavicle fractures in adolescents and adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Shoulder function · patients with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle Conservative interventions for treating middle third clavicle fractures in adolescents and adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ankle brace vs rigid cast Unacceptable anatomy: leg‐length discrepancy, limp, abnormal gait · children with acute 'low risk' (undisplaced) ankle fractures Interventions for treating ankle fractures in children (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate Quality of life ‐ not measured · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures Surgical interventions for treating acute fractures or non‐union of the middle third of the clavicle (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate Return to previous activities ‐ not measured · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures Surgical interventions for treating acute fractures or non‐union of the middle third of the clavicle (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Supervised exercises vs home exercises Pain during activity (long‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 2 months (1 study); not stated (1 study)) Exercise for treating patellofemoral pain syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Supervised exercises vs home exercises Recovery (long‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 2 months (1 study); not stated (1 study)) Exercise for treating patellofemoral pain syndrome (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |