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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
15,213 questions in 2,394 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Laser photocoagulation vs control Loss of driving licence · people with diabetic retinopathy Laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy and exercise vs glucocorticoid injection Participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 30% · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs glucocorticoid injection Global assessment of treatment success · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs glucocorticoid injection Active shoulder abduction · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs glucocorticoid injection Adverse events · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs placebo injection Participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 30% · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs placebo injection Global assessment of treatment success · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs placebo injection Active shoulder abduction · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs placebo injection Adverse events · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and glucocorticoid injection vs glucocorticoid injection Participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 30% · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and glucocorticoid injection vs glucocorticoid injection Global assessment of treatment success · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and glucocorticoid injection vs glucocorticoid injection Active shoulder abduction · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and glucocorticoid injection vs glucocorticoid injection Adverse events · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy and exercise following joint distension vs sham ultrasound following joint distension Participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 30% · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and oral NSAID vs oral NSAID Participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 30% · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and oral NSAID vs oral NSAID Overall pain · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and oral NSAID vs oral NSAID Active shoulder abduction · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and oral NSAID vs oral NSAID Quality of life · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy and exercise vs glucocorticoid injection Active shoulder abduction · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy and exercise vs glucocorticoid injection Quality of life · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs glucocorticoid injection Participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 30% · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) vs placebo Participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 30% · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) vs placebo Global assessment of treatment success · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) vs placebo Active shoulder abduction · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) vs placebo Quality of life · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) vs placebo Adverse events · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) plus exercise vs exercise Participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 30% · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) plus exercise vs exercise Global assessment of treatment success · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) vs placebo Overall pain · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) plus exercise vs exercise Quality of life · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) vs placebo Function · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) vs placebo Active shoulder abduction · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) vs placebo Quality of life · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) vs placebo Overall pain · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical local anaesthetic (spray or dental swab) vs Placebo or no treatment Parental satisfaction · Children and young people aged 17 years or younger having dental treatment (including extractions) under general… Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for… (2014) · Cochrane | No study reported parental satisfaction | 0 studies | No studies |
Intraligamental injection local anaesthetic vs No treatment Physiological parameters (cardiac/respiratory events; type and volume of GA drug) · Children and young people aged 17 years or younger having dental treatment (including extractions) under general… Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for… (2014) · Cochrane | None of the studies reported on this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Low-level laser therapy (photon-plus GaAlAs diode laser; 70 mW output, continuous 820 nm) vs Placebo (sham) laser therapy Quality of life · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual… Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury (2014) · Cochrane | Results: 'No studies reported on quality of life ...'. Not reported by the included laser trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Frankel's function regulator-4 (FR-4) with lip-seal training vs No treatment Reduction of snoring · Children and adolescents (over 80% aged 16 years or younger at treatment start) with anterior open bite (lack of… Orthodontic and orthopaedic treatment for anterior open bite in children (2014) · Cochrane | Outcome proposed in the review but not found in any included study. The review states: 'The other outcomes proposed in this review were not found: stability of anterior open bite correction; reduction of snoring; signs… | 0 studies | No studies |
Low-level laser therapy (photon-plus GaAlAs diode laser; 70 mW output, continuous 820 nm) vs Placebo (sham) laser therapy Adverse events · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual… Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury (2014) · Cochrane | SoF row 'Adverse events': This outcome was not reported in the included studies. | 0 studies | No studies |
Dual mini-screw implant vs Single mini-screw implant Patient acceptability · Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment requiring surgical (mini-screw implant) anchorage Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | Acceptability was not reported in any of the studies comparing two types of surgical anchorage | 0 studies | No studies |
Low-level laser therapy (photon-plus GaAlAs diode laser; 70 mW output, continuous 820 nm) vs Placebo (sham) laser therapy Pain · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual… Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury (2014) · Cochrane | SoF row 'Pain': This outcome was not reported in the included studies. | 0 studies | No studies |
Topical local anaesthetic (spray or dental swab) vs Placebo or no treatment Participant satisfaction · Children and young people aged 17 years or younger having dental treatment (including extractions) under general… Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for… (2014) · Cochrane | None of the studies reported on patient or child satisfaction | 0 studies | No studies |
Repair of a defective resin composite restoration in a permanent molar or premolar tooth (with resin composite) vs Replacement of a defective resin composite restoration in a permanent molar or premolar tooth (with resin composite) Perioperative or postoperative pain or discomfort · Adults (16 years or over) with one or more defective resin composite restoration(s) in a molar or premolar tooth/teeth · Medium term (less than 5 years) or long term (5 years and above) Replacement versus repair of defective restorations in adults: resin composite (2014) · Cochrane | No randomised controlled trials were found | 0 studies | No studies |
Repair of a defective resin composite restoration in a permanent molar or premolar tooth (with resin composite) vs Replacement of a defective resin composite restoration in a permanent molar or premolar tooth (with resin composite) Extraction of tooth (due to decay) · Adults (16 years or over) with one or more defective resin composite restoration(s) in a molar or premolar tooth/teeth · Medium term (less than 5 years) or long term (5 years and above) Replacement versus repair of defective restorations in adults: resin composite (2014) · Cochrane | No randomised controlled trials were found | 0 studies | No studies |
Repair of a defective amalgam restoration in a permanent molar or premolar tooth (with amalgam) vs Replacement of a defective amalgam restoration in a permanent molar or premolar tooth (with amalgam) Presence of clinical symptoms (pain, swelling, diagnosis of pulpitis, abscess formation) · Adults (16 years or over) with one or more defective amalgam restoration(s) in a molar or premolar tooth/teeth · Medium term (less than 5 years) or long term (5 years and above) Replacement versus repair of defective restorations in adults: amalgam (2014) · Cochrane | No randomised controlled trials were found | 0 studies | No studies |
Medical interventions (systemic: analgesics, antidepressants, antiepileptics, steroids; topical: analgesics, anaesthetics) vs Another intervention, or no intervention Outcome NR · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual… Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury (2014) · Cochrane | Results: 'No studies evaluated medical ... interventions.' No eligible RCT of medical interventions (analgesics, antidepressants, antiepileptics, steroids, topical anaesthetics). | 0 studies | No studies |
Infiltration injection local anaesthetic vs No treatment or placebo Postoperative anxiety · Children and young people aged 17 years or younger having dental treatment (including extractions) under general… Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for… (2014) · Cochrane | None of the studies reported on postoperative anxiety | 0 studies | No studies |
Intraligamental injection local anaesthetic vs No treatment Parental satisfaction · Children and young people aged 17 years or younger having dental treatment (including extractions) under general… Intraoperative local anaesthesia for reduction of postoperative pain following general anaesthesia for… (2014) · Cochrane | No study reported parental satisfaction | 0 studies | No studies |
Low-level laser therapy (photon-plus GaAlAs diode laser; 70 mW output, continuous 820 nm) vs Placebo (sham) laser therapy Taste · Patients of any age in any setting requiring intervention for iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar or lingual… Interventions for iatrogenic inferior alveolar and lingual nerve injury (2014) · Cochrane | SoF row 'Taste': This outcome was not reported in the included studies. | 0 studies | No studies |
Repair of a defective amalgam restoration in a permanent molar or premolar tooth (with amalgam) vs Replacement of a defective amalgam restoration in a permanent molar or premolar tooth (with amalgam) Further restoration required (repair, restoration, placement of crown/inlay, root filling) · Adults (16 years or over) with one or more defective amalgam restoration(s) in a molar or premolar tooth/teeth · Medium term (less than 5 years) or long term (5 years and above) Replacement versus repair of defective restorations in adults: amalgam (2014) · Cochrane | No randomised controlled trials were found | 0 studies | No studies |