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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.
15,213 questions in 2,394 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Preformed metal crown (fitted using the Hall Technique) vs Non-restorative caries treatment Pain · Children with decayed primary molar teeth Preformed crowns for decayed primary molar teeth (2015) · Cochrane | Pain: No evidence available (Summary of findings 2). | 0 studies | No studies |
Preformed crown (any material; conventional technique or Hall Technique) vs Filling (any material; with or without complete carious tissue excavation; with or without pulp treatment) Time to restoration failure/retreatment · Children with decayed primary molar teeth Preformed crowns for decayed primary molar teeth (2015) · Cochrane | The studies did not measure this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
EGFR monoclonal antibody (cetuximab or nimotuzumab) plus standard therapy (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) vs Standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) Participant satisfaction · People with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx · 24 to 70 months Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included studies addressed participant satisfaction (review-wide gap). | 0 studies | No studies |
Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs Placebo or no treatment Mucosal irritation / oral soft-tissue allergic reaction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or younger Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane | None of the studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
EGFR monoclonal antibody (cetuximab or nimotuzumab) plus standard therapy (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) vs Standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) Direct and indirect costs to participants and health services · People with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx · 24 to 70 months Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included studies addressed direct and indirect costs to participants and health services (review-wide gap). | 0 studies | No studies |
Root canal medications and canal filling, splinting, extraction of teeth, or surgical removal of any relevant pathology vs Each other, placebo, or no treatment Outcome NR · Patients with single and multiple permanent teeth with evidence of any type of external root resorption irrespective… · Any follow-up period Interventions for the management of external root resorption (2015) · Cochrane | None of the studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria and therefore no data analysis was conducted. (Main results: no RCTs that met the inclusion criteria were identified; one ongoing study, NCT00423956, potentially… | 0 studies | No studies |
Micro-invasive treatment (proximal sealing or resin infiltration): resin sealant, glass ionomer sealant, polyurethane/adhesive patch, or resin infiltration vs Non-invasive measures (e.g. fluoride varnish, flossing/oral hygiene advice), no treatment, or placebo Participant and operator perception · Dentate children and adults with non-cavitated proximal caries lesions extending into enamel or dentine (not pulp) in… Micro‐invasive interventions for managing proximal dental decay in primary and permanent teeth (2015) · Cochrane | None of the studies reported on participant or operator perception | 0 studies | No studies |
Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional treatment: fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment without surgical assistance Patient satisfaction (measured using validated questionnaires or scales) · Individuals of any age receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (braces) (people requiring orthodontic… Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment (2015) · Cochrane | Results: 'Our prespecified secondary outcomes of patient satisfaction, improvement in occlusion, and prolonged stability of treatment were not measured in the trials.' | 0 studies | No studies |
Micro-invasive treatment (proximal sealing or resin infiltration): resin sealant, glass ionomer sealant, polyurethane/adhesive patch, or resin infiltration vs Non-invasive measures (e.g. fluoride varnish, flossing/oral hygiene advice), no treatment, or placebo Costs (direct treatment costs; indirect costs / time off school or work) · Dentate children and adults with non-cavitated proximal caries lesions extending into enamel or dentine (not pulp) in… Micro‐invasive interventions for managing proximal dental decay in primary and permanent teeth (2015) · Cochrane | None of the studies reported on costs for micro-invasive treatment or non-invasive control | 0 studies | No studies |
Chlorhexidine mouthrinse vs Placebo or no intervention (including routine care) Outcome NR · Children and adolescents below 18 years at study start (included studies: children from birth to 15 years), with… Chlorhexidine treatment for the prevention of dental caries in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane | There were no trials on other products containing chlorhexidine such as sprays, toothpastes, chewing gums or mouthrinses. | 0 studies | No studies |
Fluoridated milk vs Non-fluoridated milk Requirement for general anaesthesia due to dental procedures for caries · General population, irrespective of age or level of risk for dental caries Fluoridated milk for preventing dental caries (2015) · Cochrane | No evidence found. (No information was reported by the included study.) | 0 studies | No studies |
Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs Control (no treatment or standard/usual oral care, e.g. saline rinse) Number of days in hospital (duration of hospitalisation) · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment · Fluorouracil (5FU) treatment for solid cancers Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy (2015) · Cochrane | Summary of findings for the main comparison (5FU solid cancers): Duration of hospitalisation (days) - 'No studies assessed this outcome'. | 0 studies | No studies |
Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers) Removal of broken (fractured) instruments from the root canal · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed. | NR | No studies |
Preformed metal crown (fitted using the Hall Technique) vs Non-restorative caries treatment Time to restoration failure/retreatment · Children with decayed primary molar teeth Preformed crowns for decayed primary molar teeth (2015) · Cochrane | The studies did not measure this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers) Total time required to complete the clinical procedure · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed procedure time; such outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed. | NR | No studies |
Fluoridated milk vs Non-fluoridated milk Dental pain due to decay · General population, irrespective of age or level of risk for dental caries Fluoridated milk for preventing dental caries (2015) · Cochrane | No evidence found. (No information was reported by the included study.) | 0 studies | No studies |
Chlorhexidine gel (0.12%) vs No treatment Pain, quality of life, patient satisfaction or costs · Children and adolescents below 18 years at study start (included studies: children from birth to 15 years), with… Chlorhexidine treatment for the prevention of dental caries in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane | Neither of these trials reported on the other secondary outcomes such as measures of pain, quality of life, patient satisfaction or direct and indirect costs of interventions. | 0 studies | No studies |
Transplantation of other teeth after extraction of the ankylosed teeth vs Conventional orthodontic treatment or follow-up with no specific treatment for ankylosis Outcome NR · Any patient with ankylosis and displacement of permanent front teeth diagnosed by clinical and radiographic… Interventions for treating traumatised ankylosed permanent front teeth (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional treatment: fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment without surgical assistance Prolonged stability of treatment (adjudged using an accepted scale) · Individuals of any age receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (braces) (people requiring orthodontic… Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment (2015) · Cochrane | Results: 'Our prespecified secondary outcomes of patient satisfaction, improvement in occlusion, and prolonged stability of treatment were not measured in the trials.' | 0 studies | No studies |
Fluoridated milk vs Non-fluoridated milk Antibiotics due to dental infections · General population, irrespective of age or level of risk for dental caries Fluoridated milk for preventing dental caries (2015) · Cochrane | No evidence found. (No information was reported by the included study.) | 0 studies | No studies |
Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs Placebo or no treatment Tooth staining · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or younger Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane | None of the studies reported on staining of tooth surfaces (not even Gisselsson 1999, the only trial testing stannous fluoride). | 0 studies | No studies |
Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers) Repair of root perforations · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed. | NR | No studies |
Micro-invasive treatment (proximal sealing or resin infiltration): resin sealant, glass ionomer sealant, polyurethane/adhesive patch, or resin infiltration vs Non-invasive measures (e.g. fluoride varnish, flossing/oral hygiene advice), no treatment, or placebo Change in decayed, missing and filled (DMF/dmf) figures at surface, tooth and whole mouth level · Dentate children and adults with non-cavitated proximal caries lesions extending into enamel or dentine (not pulp) in… Micro‐invasive interventions for managing proximal dental decay in primary and permanent teeth (2015) · Cochrane | No studies reported on caries measured as change in decayed, missing and filled (DMF/dmf) figures at surface, tooth or whole mouth level | 0 studies | No studies |
Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs Control (no treatment or standard/usual oral care, e.g. saline rinse) Quality of life · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment · Fluorouracil (5FU) treatment for solid cancers Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy (2015) · Cochrane | Summary of findings for the main comparison (5FU solid cancers): Quality of life - 'No studies assessed this outcome'. | 0 studies | No studies |
Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs Control (no treatment or standard/usual oral care, e.g. saline rinse) Interruptions to cancer treatment (incidence) · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment · High-dose melphalan-based treatment prior to HSCT (haematological cancers) Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy (2015) · Cochrane | Summary of findings 2 (melphalan/HSCT): Interruptions to cancer treatment - 'No studies assessed this outcome'. | 0 studies | No studies |
Single full-coverage metal-ceramic crown over composite core and post vs Direct adhesive composite restoration with post (conventional filling, no crown) Periodontal health status · People with a permanent tooth that has undergone endodontic (root canal) treatment Single crowns versus conventional fillings for the restoration of root‐filled teeth (2015) · Cochrane | No data were reported nor measured by the study. The abstract confirms no evidence was available for any secondary outcome. | NR | No studies |
Single full-coverage metal-ceramic crown over composite core and post vs Direct adhesive composite restoration with post (conventional filling, no crown) Incidence or recurrence of caries (assessed clinically or by radiographs) · People with a permanent tooth that has undergone endodontic (root canal) treatment Single crowns versus conventional fillings for the restoration of root‐filled teeth (2015) · Cochrane | No data were reported nor measured by the study. The abstract confirms no evidence was available for any secondary outcome. | NR | No studies |
FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE vs ORAL NEUROLEPTICS Hospital admission ‐ not reported · patients with schizophrenia Fluphenazine decanoate (depot) and enanthate for schizophrenia (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
FLUPHENAZINE DECANAOTE vs FLUPHENAZINE ENANTHATE Death ‐ not reported · patients with schizophrenia Fluphenazine decanoate (depot) and enanthate for schizophrenia (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
FLUPHENAZINE DECANAOTE vs FLUPHENAZINE ENANTHATE Clinically significant change in global state ‐ not reported · patients with schizophrenia Fluphenazine decanoate (depot) and enanthate for schizophrenia (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
FLUPHENAZINE DECANAOTE vs FLUPHENAZINE ENANTHATE Hospital admission ‐ not reported · patients with schizophrenia Fluphenazine decanoate (depot) and enanthate for schizophrenia (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE vs PLACEBO Clinically significant change in global state ‐ not reported · patients with schizophrenia Fluphenazine decanoate (depot) and enanthate for schizophrenia (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE vs PLACEBO Hospital admission ‐ not reported · patients with schizophrenia Fluphenazine decanoate (depot) and enanthate for schizophrenia (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE vs ORAL NEUROLEPTICS Death ‐ not reported · patients with schizophrenia Fluphenazine decanoate (depot) and enanthate for schizophrenia (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation vs conventional ventilation Chronic lung disease at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (CLD 36 wPMA) · preterm infants with severe pulmonary dysfunction Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation vs conventional ventilation Long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes · preterm infants with severe pulmonary dysfunction Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Additional radon in carbon dioxide baths vs carbon dioxide baths only Physical disability Not reported · participants with rheumatoid arthritis Balneotherapy (or spa therapy) for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Additional radon in carbon dioxide baths vs carbon dioxide baths only Tender joints Not reported · participants with rheumatoid arthritis Balneotherapy (or spa therapy) for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Additional radon in carbon dioxide baths vs carbon dioxide baths only Swollen joints Not reported · participants with rheumatoid arthritis Balneotherapy (or spa therapy) for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Additional radon in carbon dioxide baths vs carbon dioxide baths only Withdrawal due to serious adverse events Not reported · participants with rheumatoid arthritis Balneotherapy (or spa therapy) for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Additional radon in carbon dioxide baths vs carbon dioxide baths only Adverse events Not reported · participants with rheumatoid arthritis Balneotherapy (or spa therapy) for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Balneotherapy vs drug treatment Physical disability Not reported · participants with rheumatoid arthritis Balneotherapy (or spa therapy) for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Balneotherapy vs drug treatment Withdrawal due to serious adverse events Not reported · participants with rheumatoid arthritis Balneotherapy (or spa therapy) for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Balneotherapy vs drug treatment Adverse events Not reported · participants with rheumatoid arthritis Balneotherapy (or spa therapy) for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Balneotherapy vs placebo Physical disability Not reported · participants with rheumatoid arthritis Balneotherapy (or spa therapy) for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Balneotherapy vs placebo Withdrawal due to serious adverse events Not reported · participants with rheumatoid arthritis Balneotherapy (or spa therapy) for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Balneotherapy vs placebo Adverse events Not reported · participants with rheumatoid arthritis Balneotherapy (or spa therapy) for rheumatoid arthritis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Rutoside vs placebo Woman's perception of pain (as defined by trialists) · Pregnant women with varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy Interventions for varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
External pneumatic intermittent compression vs rest Woman's perception of pain (as defined by trialists) · Pregnant women with varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy Interventions for varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
External pneumatic intermittent compression vs rest Complications associated with varicose veins and leg oedema (venous leg ulcer) · Pregnant women with varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy Interventions for varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |