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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
726 questions in 98 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth
current versionsNo studies 726 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth Birth less than 28 weeks · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Assessment vs direct admission Neonatal admission to special care · healthy pregnant women Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any supplement containing iodine vs same supplement without iodine or no treatment/placebo (child outcomes) Child adverse effect: hyperthyroidism · women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin Aspart (+ NPH) vs human insulin (+ NPH insulin) Macrosomia · pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes Different insulin types and regimens for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin Aspart (+ NPH) vs human insulin (+ NPH insulin) Perinatal death · pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes Different insulin types and regimens for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin Aspart (+ NPH) vs human insulin (+ NPH insulin) Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes Different insulin types and regimens for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin Aspart (+ NPH) vs human insulin (+ NPH insulin) Caesarean section · pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes Different insulin types and regimens for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin Aspart (+ NPH) vs human insulin (+ NPH insulin) Fetal anomaly · pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes Different insulin types and regimens for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin Aspart (+ NPH) vs human insulin (+ NPH insulin) Birth trauma including shoulder dystocia, nerve palsy and fracture · pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes Different insulin types and regimens for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin Aspart (+ NPH) vs human insulin (+ NPH insulin) Composite outcome measure of neonatal morbidity · pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes Different insulin types and regimens for pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies vs placebo ‐ neonatal outcomes Death or serious morbidity composite ‐ not reported · infants of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies vs placebo ‐ neonatal outcomes Adiposity (neonate, child, adult) ‐ not measured · infants of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies vs placebo ‐ neonatal outcomes Diabetes (child, adult) ‐ not measured · infants of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies vs placebo ‐ neonatal outcomes Neurosensory disability in later childhood ‐ not measured · infants of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Metformin vs glibenclamide ‐ maternal outcomes Development of type 2 diabetes ‐ not measured · women diagnosed with gestational diabetes Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Metformin vs glibenclamide ‐ maternal outcomes Return to pre‐pregnancy weight ‐ not measured · women diagnosed with gestational diabetes Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Metformin vs glibenclamide ‐ maternal outcomes Postnatal depression ‐ not measured · women diagnosed with gestational diabetes Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Metformin vs glibenclamide ‐ neonatal outcomes Adiposity ‐ not measured · Infants of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Metformin vs glibenclamide ‐ neonatal outcomes Diabetes ‐ not measured · Infants of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Metformin vs glibenclamide ‐ neonatal outcomes Neurosensory disability in later childhood ‐ not measured · Infants of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glibenclamide vs acarbose ‐ maternal outcomes Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy ‐ not reported · women diagnosed with gestational diabetes; 11 to 33 weeks' gestation; singleton pregnancy Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies vs placebo ‐ maternal outcomes Development of type 2 diabetes ‐ not measured · women diagnosed with gestational diabetes; 24‐30 weeks' gestation; singleton pregnancy. Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glibenclamide vs acarbose ‐ maternal outcomes Development of type 2 diabetes ‐ not reported · women diagnosed with gestational diabetes; 11 to 33 weeks' gestation; singleton pregnancy Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glibenclamide vs acarbose ‐ maternal outcomes Perineal trauma ‐ not reported · women diagnosed with gestational diabetes; 11 to 33 weeks' gestation; singleton pregnancy Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glibenclamide vs acarbose ‐ maternal outcomes Return to pre‐pregnancy weight ‐ not reported · women diagnosed with gestational diabetes; 11 to 33 weeks' gestation; singleton pregnancy Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glibenclamide vs acarbose ‐ maternal outcomes Postnatal depression ‐ not reported · women diagnosed with gestational diabetes; 11 to 33 weeks' gestation; singleton pregnancy Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glibenclamide vs acarbose ‐ maternal outcomes Induction of labour ‐ not reported · women diagnosed with gestational diabetes; 11 to 33 weeks' gestation; singleton pregnancy Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glibenclamide vs acarbose ‐ neonatal outcomes Death or serious morbidity composite ‐ not reported · women with gestational diabetes Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glibenclamide vs acarbose ‐ neonatal outcomes Adiposity ‐ not reported · women with gestational diabetes Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glibenclamide vs acarbose ‐ neonatal outcomes Diabetes ‐ not reported · women with gestational diabetes Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Glibenclamide vs acarbose ‐ neonatal outcomes Neurosensory disability in later childhood ‐ not reported · women with gestational diabetes Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies vs placebo ‐ maternal outcomes Return to pre‐pregnancy weight ‐ not measured · women diagnosed with gestational diabetes; 24‐30 weeks' gestation; singleton pregnancy. Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies vs placebo ‐ maternal outcomes Postnatal depression ‐ not measured · women diagnosed with gestational diabetes; 24‐30 weeks' gestation; singleton pregnancy. Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies vs placebo ‐ neonatal outcomes Perinatal mortality · infants of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes Oral anti‐diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle vs control ‐ Neonatal and later outcomes Adiposity (adult) not measured · Women with gestational diabetes Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle vs control ‐ Neonatal and later outcomes Diabetes (type 2) (child) ‐ not measured · Women with gestational diabetes Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle vs control ‐ Neonatal and later outcomes Diabetes (type 2) (adult) ‐ not measured · Women with gestational diabetes Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle vs control ‐ Neonatal and later outcomes Neurosensory disability (child) ‐ not measured · Women with gestational diabetes Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle vs control ‐ Neonatal and later outcomes Neurosensory disability (adult) ‐ not measured · Women with gestational diabetes Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Psychosocial effects of bed rest (depression, anxiety, stress) · women with multiple pregnancy Bed rest with and without hospitalisation in multiple pregnancy for improving perinatal outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Psychosocial effects of bed rest (depression, anxiety, stress) · women with multiple pregnancy Bed rest with and without hospitalisation in multiple pregnancy for improving perinatal outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Low birthweight (less than 2500 g) ‐ assuming independence between twins/triplets · women with multiple pregnancy Bed rest with and without hospitalisation in multiple pregnancy for improving perinatal outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin vs anti‐diabetic agent Childhood/adulthood diabetes (type 1, type 2) ‐ not reported · Infants of women with gestational diabetes. Insulin for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin vs anti‐diabetic agent Perineal trauma/tearing ‐ not measured · the treatment of women (maternal outcomes) with gestational diabetes Insulin for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Insulin vs anti‐diabetic agent Postnatal depression ‐ not reported · the treatment of women (maternal outcomes) with gestational diabetes Insulin for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise vs control Adiposity ‐ not reported · pregnant women with gestational diabetes Exercise for pregnant women with gestational diabetes for improving maternal and fetal outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise vs control Diabetes (type 1, type 2) ‐ not reported · pregnant women with gestational diabetes Exercise for pregnant women with gestational diabetes for improving maternal and fetal outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise vs control Neurosensory disability · pregnant women with gestational diabetes Exercise for pregnant women with gestational diabetes for improving maternal and fetal outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise vs control Development of type 2 diabetes ‐ not measured · pregnant women with gestational diabetes Exercise for pregnant women with gestational diabetes for improving maternal and fetal outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise vs control Perineal trauma/tearing ‐ not measured · pregnant women with gestational diabetes Exercise for pregnant women with gestational diabetes for improving maternal and fetal outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |